1. METAL FOAM
PRESENTED BY :cloud2511

2. INTRODUCTION
A metal foam is a cellular structure consisting of a solid metal, For ex. aluminium, containing a large volume fraction of gas-filled pores.
The pores can be sealed (closed-cell foam), or they can form an interconnected network (open-cell foam).
The defining characteristic of metal foams is a very high porosity: typically 75-95% of the volume consists of void spaces.
The strength of foamed metal possesses a power law relationship to its density; i.e., a 20% dense material is more than twice as strong as a 10% dense material.
Metallic foams typically retain some physical properties of their base material. Foam made from non-flammable metal will remain non-flammable and the foam is generally recyclable back to its base material. Coefficient of thermal expansion will also remain similar while thermal conductivity will likely be reduced.

3. STRUCTURE OF METAL FOAM
In metal foams cells are divided into distinct cells. the boundaries of these materials are made of solid material, the interior are voids.

4. TYPES OF METAL FOAM OPEN CELL METAL FOAM CLOSED CELL METAL FOAM
Closed cell Al foam
Open cell Ni -foam

5. OPEN CELL METAL FOAM CLOSED CELL METAL FOAM
1.Heat exchangers
Compact electronics cooling
Cryogen tanks
PCM heat exchangers
2.Energy absorption
3.Flow diffusion and lightweight optics
4.Extremely fine-scale metal foam are used as high-temperature filters in the chemical industry.
Due to the high cost of the material it is most typically used in advanced technology aerospace and manufacturing.
1. Closed-cell metal foams are primarily used as an impact-absorbing material,
They are light (typically 10–25% of the density of the metal they are made of, which is usually aluminium) and stiff, and are frequently proposed as a lightweight structural material. However, they have not yet been widely used for this purpose.
Closed-cell foams retain the fire resistant and recycling capability of other metallic foams but add an ability to float in water.
Light weight Al foam has a density of from 300 to 1,000 kg/m³, that is, 30 to 100% that of water. Components made of the material can therefore be expected to float.
5. Foam metal has also begun to be used as an experimental prosthetic in animals

6. MANUFACTURING
Foaming of Melts by Gas Injection

7. 2. Foaming of Melts with Blowing agents 3. Powder processing method

8. SIMULATION OF THE CRUSHING OF A METAL FOAM

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF AL FOAM
Are very stiff at a very low weight
Are very effective in terms of acoustical absorption
Are very effective in terms of electromagnetic shielding and structural damping
Absorb impact energy regardless of impact direction
Are much more stable than organic materials like wood or plastics
Are decorative are completely recyclables and hence do not cause any harm to our environment

10. PROPERTIES
1. STIFFNESS

11. 2. SOUND ABSORPTION

12. 3. IMPACT ENERGY ABSORPTION

13. 4. Thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity λ, defined according Fourier’s law
Depends strongly on the cross sectional area S enabling the thermal flow rate Q’ through the specimen (dT/dx is a temperature gradient).
In a foamed aluminium only a small part of the cross section (pore walls) is metallic with the thermal conductivity given by the base alloy. The rest are the pores filled with gas which has a much lower thermal conductivity than an aluminium alloy

14. Photographs of crushed crash box
APPLICATION OF AL FOAM
1.Crash box
2.Acoustic noise reduction
-Sound absorption in difficult condition
-Sound absorption in commercial buildings, hotels, roads
3.Electromagnetic shielding
-Cover boxes for electronic devices
-Wall and ceiling plates for protection of rooms against entering or releasing of electromagnetic waves
Photographs of crushed crash box

15. 4.Self-supporting, stiff and super light weight panels for building and transport 5.Compressor casings 6.Heat exchangers, filters, catalysts 7.Instrument housing 8.Loudspeaker enclosures 9.Gearbox housings 10.Structural parts for spacecraft

16. ADVANTAGES
Metal foams provide excellent energy absorption features at a higher strength level as compared to foamed polymers
Metal foams are easily processed by sawing, drilling, milling, etc,
Metal Foams can be joined by adhesive bonding, brazing, and TIG and laser welding techniques.
It does not erode, even under the effects of air flow or vibration.
It is easily recyclable.
Provides sound absorption at low frequencies at a smaller material thickness in comparison with other absorption materials such as glass or mineral wool fibers or polymer foams.

17. DISADVANTAGES
They are difficult to manufacture as precision manufacturing is required.
Cost is a major factor
Difficultly in manufacturing high temperature metal
Knowledge about the metal foam is still not wide spread
Once damaged it can not be repaired ,the whole metal foam has to replaced by new one.

18. CONCLUSION
1.There is considerable interest in the applications of metallic foams from a wide range of industries.
2.Impact and energy absorption are key
applications, particularly within the
transport industries.
3.Thermal management properties can
be exploited by the electronics industry
in particular.

19. SUGGESTIONS
Metal foam are yet to widely used the metal foams can be used in the following fields which are yet to tapped in the market.
1. In commercial light weight doors
2. In the impact absorbing in cars
3. In lift safety system
4. In road medians and dividers
5. In construction industry as light weight material
6.In Shipping industries
7. In helmets

20. THANK YOU