1. Margo Hamann Honors Brent Ewers

2. Precipitation either ends up in water ways or in trees Hydrology influences nutrition uptake and plant growth Plant hydraulics acclimate to soil make up (Hacke et al.) Plants in a sandy soils have a lower water potential than plants in high clay soils Different glaciations have deposited different soils in the Snowy Range

3. (Munn)

4. Pre Bull Bull Lake Pine Dale

5. 12,000-14,000 YBP Very mixed soil Low Quartzite Consecrations 5-10% Clay Predicted to have a mid range conductance and stress sensitivity (Munn)

6. 140,000 YBP Very mixed soil Mid Quartzite concentrations 15-20% Clay Predicted to have a high conductance and stress tolerance (Munn)

7. ~ 500,000 YBP Very fine soil Very high Quartzite concentrations, 95-98% Little to no Clay Predicted to have a low conductance and stress tolerance (Munn)

8. Snowmobiled out to three areas Used a shotgun to harvest limbs in upper 1/3 rd Labeled and brought back to the lab

9. 24 stems in total were run (8 from each site) through a xylem flow system Stress levels simulated with a centrifuge Ks (Conductance per pleasure per time ) calculated for each stem. Percent Loss Conductance calculated for each

12. Water Transport Chain Water travels from places of high water potential to areas of low water potential. (Cowan) To transport water the tree needs to have a lower water potential than the soil

13. Clay holds more water and has a slow water release compared to sand The trees in clay rich soil have to adapt to the vulnerability of the soil Roots respond more to soil so the difference between sites may be greater than I found. (Hacke et al.)

14. Methodology to make sense of models Also shows that plant hydraulics is not constant as assumed in many models/experiments Shows acclimatization of Spruce No difference between factors other than soil makeup

15. Elizabeth T Brent E Tim A

16. Cowan, IR. “Transport of Water in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere System”. Journal of Applied Ecology. 221-239. May 1965. Hacke,Ug, JS Sperry, BE Ewers, DS Ellsworth, KVR Schafer, R Oren. “Influence of soil porosity on water use in Pinus taeda”. Oecologia. (2000) 124: 495-505. Mayr, Stefan. “8 Limits of Water Relations”. Institut für Botanik, Universität Innsbruck. Munn, Larry. “Glaciations and Soils of Wyoming’s Snowy Range”.