1. Reflecting on Teddy Roosevelt 1.What promises did the Square Deal make to American citizens? 2.Who was most receptive of and benefited from these promises? 3.How did Theodore Roosevelt’s agenda compare to other presidents’ goals and objectives? 4.Roosevelt is considered the “1st Progressive President.” Do you agree? Do you think he neglected any areas of society in implementing his Square Deal agenda?

2. The Roots of Imperialism Take out your work from yesterday… Write down and respond to the following question: –Why would America want to colonize places like Cuba, Guam, and the Philippines based on what you learned yesterday? What are the benefits?

3. Where is Guam?

4. Where is Cuba?

5. Where are the Philippines?

6. What is Imperialism? The policy by which strong nations extend their political, military, and economic control over weaker countries Following European success, Japan and the US began to consider the benefits of imperialism Age of Exploration

7. Imperialism Empire or humanity?

8. Does this political cartoon illustrate a positive or negative picture of imperialism? Why? England is represented by what kind of animal? What is the significance?

9. Benefits? The 3 M’s Mind  Social Darwinism, Monroe Doctrine, and National Superiority (i.e. nationalism) Money  Economic Might  Military Strength

10. Mind Social Darwinism: life consists of competitive struggles but only the fittest survive Certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore were destined to rule over inferior peoples and cultures Americans worried that if the US remained isolated while European nations gobbled up the rest of the world, America would not survive

11. Mind Manifest Destiny!! The Significance of the American Frontier by Frederick J. Turner –Expanding will provide a “safety valve”

12. Mind Monroe Doctrine (1823):  Created by President John Quincy Adams and James Monroe after the War of 1812 when Americans were feeling proud of their country.  European monarchies should stay out of Latin America; in return, the US promised to stay out of European affairs  It meant little in 1823 when the US lacked the army and navy to enforce it…

13. Money Extractive economies: colonies that provided materials and natural resources like tea, rubber, iron, petroleum to the imperializing country US had a surplus of goods  leading to declining crop prices and profits –Having colonies would be good for the US to sell American products (commodities)

14. Might Alfred T. Mahan: encouraged US to build a modern naval power By 1900 the US had the 3rd largest navy in the world How could a strong navy benefit American exporters? A: A strong navy would ensure an uninterrupted flow of materials from the colony back to American businesses.

15. America Emerges as a World Power: The Pacific 1853 (before the Civil War): Commodore Matthew Perry sails his fleet of “giant dragons puffing smoke” into Tokyo Bay, Japan and encourages trade between Japan and the US What comes next? –In 1867, the US colonizes the Midway Islands –Treaties in 1875 and 1887 increased trade with the Hawaiian Islands –US builds a naval base at Pearl Harbor

16. America Emerges as a World Power: Alaska Why would the US want to buy a place with a lot of snow known as the “icebox?” 1867: Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from Russia from $7.2 million Doubled the country’s size, rich in timber, oil, expanded the US’ reach across the Pacific

17. America Emerges as a World Power: Latin America First International Pan-American Conference in 1889: promotes economic cooperation, trade Pan-American Highway system: linked the US to Central and South America Tension between the British and the US over control of Latin America –President Cleveland claimed that Britain was violating the Monroe Doctrine  relations improved

18. America Emerges as a World Power: Hawaii American established sugarcane plantations Voting rights limited to white planters Dilemmas –Tariff on Hawaiian-grown sugar (cheaper to buy in the US) –Queen Liliuokalani takes power and gets rid of white planters’ voting rights Result: US Marines and John Stevens (US Minister of Hawaii) seize power and start a new gov’t Annexation delayed b/c most Hawaiians did not support the new gov’t…annexation had to wait until McKinley became president 1898: Hawaii becomes an official US territory

19. “Spread Eagle-ism”