1. Subjunctive mood The subjunctive is a mood which used to express uncertainty, wishes, desires, etc. It usually refers to non-factual or hypothetical situations. The subjunctive is more commonly used in formal spoken language and formal writing.

2. After words expressing the idea that something is important or desirable: advise, agree, arrange, ask, beg, command, decide, demand, determine, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, stipulate, suggest, urge. It is/was anxious / determined / vital / essential/ important / better / advisable/ crucial/ / desirable / necessary / mandatory S + V + S + (should) + bare inf It’s adj + S + (should) + bare inf

3. ADVISE: The Congress advised that the minimum salary be raised. ASK: I asked that the audience not clap until the end of the show. BEG: The old woman begged that the jury forgive his son. COMMAND: The General commanded that the plane not take off until further notice. DECIDE: The committee decided that everyone pay their fees. DECREE: The President decreed that all the prisoners be released. DEMAND: I demanded that the Principal show up at once.

4. DETERMINE: The King determined that all his subjects wear hats. INSIST: John insisted that his wife see a doctor. MOVE: The chairman moved (= proposed) that a vote be taken on the employees’ attitude. ORDER: The teacher ordered that Mary take the exam again. PREFER: The students prefer that their teacher not give a test tomorrow. PROPOSE: We proposed that the income tax be lowered. RECOMMEND: I will recommend that the decision be made today.

5. IT IS ADVISABLE: It is advisable that Mary talk to the principal about her problems. CRUCIAL: It is crucial that we solve our political problems soon. DESIRABLE: It is desirable that the teacher postpone the exam. IT IS ESSENTIAL: It is essential that all English students have a good grammar book. IT IS IMPERATIVE: It is imperative that a solution to the current crisis be found quickly. IT IS IMPORTANT: It is important that the University have a better budget. IT IS MANDATORY: It is mandatory that the janitor wear a uniform in the office. IT IS NECESSARY: It is necessary that you study hard every day. IT IS URGENT: It is urgent that the Constitution be reformed.

6. Notice: We demand that he do it. We demand that he not do it. The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting. S + V + S + (should) + not bare inf It’s adj + S + (should) + not bare inf

7. The present subjunctive is used after certain fixed phrases: (God) bless you! God save the Queen! Long live the King! Heaven help us! Curse this fog! Come what may, we 'II stand by you! If we have to pay $2000, then so be it! Be that as it may,…

8. as if/as though + past subjunctive He behaves as if he owned the place. He orders me about as if I were his wife. He talks/talked as though he knew where she was. we use a past perfect when referring to a real or imaginary action in the past: He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself. He looks/looked as though he hadn't had a decent meal for a month.

9. it is time + past subjunctive it is time + to infinitive: It's time to go it is time for + object + to infinitive: It's time for us to go it is time + subject + a past subjunctive: It's time we went. It's time we were leaving. It's high time we left.

10. would rather/sooner + bare inf : the same subject Shall we go today? -I'd rather wait till tomorrow. He prefers wine to beer = He would rather drink wine than beer. ( when the two subjects are different) Shall I give you a cheque? ~ I'd rather you paid cash. Notice: (with negative) I would rather you didn’t come near me. S1+ would rather/sooner + S2 + past tense

11. exercise

12. What’s wrong with them? 1. It is essential that the committee keeps its findings secret. 2. The law requires that you are eighteen in order to vote. 3. The librarian asks that all books are back before vacation. keep be

13. 1. (You must call home every week.) Dan's parents insisted that he ________________ home every week. 2. (Someone must tell her the truth about her illness.) It is essential that she ___________________ the truth about her illness. 3. (Open your suitcases for inspection.) The customs official demanded that all passengers ___________________ their suitcases. 4. (Ann, you should take some art courses.) The counselor recommended that Ann ___________________ some art courses. call be told open take

14. 5. (All parts of the motor must work correctly.) It is vital that all parts of the motor ______________ in proper working order. 6. (Please mail all packages at the central office.) The director requests that all packages ___________________ at the central office. 7. (Soldiers must obey their officers. ) It is imperative that soldiers __________ their officers. 8. (We must remember to give the babysitter certain phone numbers to call in case of emergency.) It is important that the baby-sitter ________________ phone numbers to call in case of emergency. work be mailed obey be given

15. 9. (Everybody must stay at home during the curfew.) The government ordered that everybody ______________ at home during the curfew hours. 10. (Mom wants the children to make their beds before going to school.) Mom asks that the children _________________ their beds before going to school. stay make

16. 1. She asked him to fix the computer. She requested ___________________________. 2.Sandra wanted the post office to hold onto her mail. Sandra asked ______________________________. 3. The judge told the lawyer to be quiet. The judge insisted _________________________. 4.My supervisor said it would be a good idea for me to accept this new position. My supervisor suggested ___________________. 5."He should fix it himself," I said. I suggested ________________________________. he fix the computer the post office hold onto her mail the lawyer be quiet I accept this new position he fix it himself

17. Change each command to a sentence that uses the subjunctive mood in the clause following the verb. 6. "Give me a refund," John told the clerk. John demanded ___________________________. 7. "Could you help me move some boxes," Tom asked me. Tom requested _____________________________. 8"Stop drinking so much!" Bill's wife told him. Bill's wife demanded ______________________. 9. "Take a vacation," our boss told us. Our boss insisted __________________________. the clerk give him a refund I help him move some boxes he stop drinking so much we take a vacation

18. 1.It's important that she (remember) to take her medicine twice a day. 2. I suggest that Frank (read) the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle. He doesn't want the wheels to fall off while he is riding down a hill 3.Mrs. Finkelstein demanded that the heater (repair) immediately. Her apartment was freezing. 4.It's vital that the United States (focus) on improving its public education system. What we do now will affect our country for generations to come. 5. The monk insisted that the tourists (enter) the temple until they had removed their shoes.

19. 6. I am not going to sit here and let her insult me. I demand that she immediately (apologize) for what she just said. 7.Judy asked that we (attend) her graduation ceremony next week. 8.Was it really necessary that (sit) I there watching you the entire time you were rehearsing for the play? It was really boring watching you repeat the scenes over and over again. 9.It is important to remember that Janine (think) very differently from you. She may not agree to the changes you have made in the organization of the company.

20. 10. It's a little difficult to find the restaurant. I propose that we all (drive) together so that nobody gets lost along the way. 11. The woman insisted that the lost child (take) to store's information desk so his parents could be paged. 12. The nutritionist recommended that Sally (reduce) her daily fat intake. 13. The environmental leader felt it was extremely important that the people of the city (allow) to voice their concerns over the new hotel being built on the bay.

21. 14. She told me that the government (regulate) the airline industry. I don't know if that is true. 15. The sign at the pool recommended that you (swim) after eating a large meal. 16. It is necessary that a life guard (monitor) the summing pool while the children are taking their swimming lessons. 17. The sun is scorching today. I suggest you (put) on sunblock immediately before you get a sun burn. 18. John insists that Sarah (invite) to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend. 19. I think it's an interesting fact that she (come) from Estonia.

22. 1.He ordered that all lights... (extinguish) 2.He suggests that prominent people... to contribute. (ask) 3.Even if you... to go on your knees to him I don't think it would make him change his mind. (be) 4.They decided that voting papers... to all members. (send) 5.If only I... there! (But I wasn't.) (be)

23. 6. I wish you... here. I miss you very much. 7.I know I... half an hour late yesterday but I... half an hour early tomorrow. ~ I'd rather you... punctual every day. (be) 8.It is high time you... in bed. (be) 9.If this report... believed, we are going to have a very severe drought. (be) 10.If I... you I'd go on to the next exercise. (be)