1. Ezra Pound ( 埃兹拉 · 庞德 ) 1885—1972 英语 2 班 130151054 韦欢 130151056 李雪 130191053 张丹 130151040 常立昊

2. The Imagist Movement (Imagism) Led by Ezra Pound and flourished from 1909 to 1917, the movement advanced modernism in arts which concentrated on reforming the medium of poetry as opposed to Romanticism. Members of the movement included Hilda Doolittle, Richard Aldington, F.S. Flint, T.E. Hulme, John Gould Fletcher, Harriet Monroe, Amy Lowell, whom Pound did not consider an imagist, but called her attempts “Amygism”.

3. The three principles followed by the Imagists: (1) "Direct treatment"Direct treatment (2) "Economy of expression"Economy of expression (3) “Freedom in verse"Freedom in verse

4. “Direct treatment” A precise visual image Simple language No fuss, frill or ornament  To use the language of common speech, but to employ the exact word, not the nearly-exact, nor the merely decorative word.

5. “Economy of expression” To use absolutely no word that does contribute to the presentation. Language concentrated, no drawing of conclusion and no explanations.

6. “Freedom in verse” Breaking away from the conventional forms. The rhythm composed in sequence of the musical phrase( 乐句 ), not in sequence of a metronome( 节拍 ).

7. Historic Position  A leading spokesman of the “Imagist Movement”  One of the most influential American poets and critic  A chief architect of English and American literary modernism The Father of the American Modern Poetry

8. The life of Pound born in Hailey, Idaho grew up and was educated mainly in Pennsylvania. In 1901 at the age of 15, he entered the University of Pennsylvania two years later, transferred to Hamilton College

9. the University of Pennsylvania Hamilton College

10. The life of Pound In 1905 returned to the University of Pennsylvania for graduate studies and received M.A. degree a year after. Moved to Europe in 1908 and first lived in Venice. In 1909 founded a school of poetry--- “imagism”

11. Ezra married the artist Dorothy Shakespear in 1914.

12. The life of Pound In 1920, he moves to Paris, then settled in Italy in 1924. During the second World War,he leaned in the direction of Mussolini’s fascist totalitarianism( 极权主义 ) having made anti-American radio broadcasts, he was arrested as a traitor in 1945. sent to the US, where he was deemed mentally unfit to stand trial for treason.

13. The life of Pound Pound was confined for 12 years in a hospital (actually prison) for the criminally insane in Washington. During this time he translated works of ancient Greek and ancient Chinese literature. While in prison,he was awarded a prestigious poetry prize(Bollingen Award for Poetry) in 1949 for his Pisan Cantos( 比萨诗章 ).

14. In 1958 he returned to Italy,where he continued to write and make translations until he died in 1972.

15. Major Works A Lume Spento 《灯火熄灭之时》 1908 Personae 《人物》 1910 The Spirit of Romance 《罗曼斯精神》 1910 Cathay 《华夏集》 1915 Cantos 《诗章》 1915-1970 Homage to Sextus Propertivs 《向赛克斯图斯 · 普 罗佩提乌斯致敬》 1919 Hugh Selwyn Mauberley 《休 · 赛尔温 · 毛伯利》 1920 The Letters of Ezra Pound, 1907-1941 《埃兹 拉 · 庞德书信集》 1950 Literary Essays of Ezra Pound 《文学论文集》 1954

16. Influential works ⑴ Cathay [kæ'θei] 《华夏集 》 ~based on translations from older Chinese poets like Li Bai ⑵ Hugh Selwyn Mauberley 《休 · 赛尔温 · 毛伯利》 ~his disillusionment and his view of his own career

17. ⑶ Cantos 《诗章》 the intellectual diary since 1915 A series totaled 116 poems ~encyclopedic modern epic （学识渊博的现代史诗）

18. Evaluation Hemingway wrote “the best of pound’s writing-and it is in the Cantos-will last as long as there is any literature.” Someone wrote in the January 1921 issue of The New Age: "Mr. Pound has been an exhilarating influence for culture in England; he has left his mark upon more than one of the arts, upon literature, music, poetry and sculpture, and quite a number of men and movements owe their initiation to his self- sacrificing stimulus.”

19. Writing styles (1) Language: clarity, precision, and economy of language (2) Theme: complex subject matters (3) Form: no fixed framework, no central theme, no attention to poetic rules

20. The Apparition of these Faces in the Crowd; Petals on a Wet, Black Bough In a Station of the Metro

21. Was written in 1913; serves as the classic specimen of Imagist poetry in which Pound led the way. Pound made use of Japanese haiku （俳 句） in writing the poem. The “Metro” is the underground railway of Paris.

22. In a Station of the Metro The poem is an observation of the poet of the human faces in a Paris subway station where Pound was once impressed by the pretty faces of people hurrying out of the dim, damp and gloomy metro station. The faces Pound observed reflect variously against light and darkness, like flower petals on a wet and dark bough.

23. Three years ago in Paris I got out of a metro train at La Concorde, and saw suddenly a beautiful face, and then another and another, and then a beautiful child’s face, and then another beautiful woman. And that evening, as o went home along the Rue Raynouard, I was still trying, and I found, suddenly, the expression. I do not mean that I found words, but there came an equation…not in speech, but in little spotches of colour. ---Ezra Pound (1916)

24. The first line One word that overshadows all the rest in line one is “apparition”. The word alone means a ghostly figure, something stranger or unusual that suddenly comes into sight. Pound may have seen different faces in a Paris subway and defined the “faces in the crowd” with the illustration of pure beauty or images of flawless human beings.

25. The second line “petals” Petals are vibrant flowers that have different colors and represent beauty when blossomed, which Pound compares the “faces in the crowd”. Additionally, petals are flowers that come in various colors, sizes, shapes, and so forth-like human beings. So Pound perhaps envisioned the people in the crowd as beautiful, for the diversity they embodied.

26. Versions of Translation 1. 在地铁车站 （顾正坤 ) 人丛中这些幽灵似的人脸， 潮湿的黑色树枝上的花瓣。 2. 在地铁车站 （飞白） 这几张脸在人群中幻景般闪现； 湿漉漉的黑树枝上花瓣数点。 3. 地铁站上 （余光中） 人群中，这些面孔的鬼影； 潮湿的黑树枝上的花瓣。 4. 地铁站上 （周伯乃） 在这拥挤的人群里这个美貌的突 现； 如花瓣在潮湿里，如暗淡的树枝。

27. The End