1. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 The Theseus Roadmap - Process, Roadmap and Results Prepared by Emmanouil Detsis (ESF) Presentation: Cesare Lobascio (Thales Alenia Space Italia)

2. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy Brief overview of overall THESEUS process and Key results regarding Cluster 4: Habitat management. Full reports & roadmap http://www.theseus-eu.org/http://www.theseus-eu.org/ Further information: Emmanouil Detsis (edetsis@esf.org)

3. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy EC FP7 project than run from 2010 to 2012 Consortium members and representatives European Science Foundation (ESF) – Dr. Jean-Claude Worms Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (CNRS-IPHC), Dr. Stéphane Blanc Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Dr. Rupert Gerzer & Dr. Guenther Reitz Institut de Médecine et de Physiologie Spatiales (MEDES), Dr. Bernard Comet & M. Laurent Braak Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCKCEN), Dr. Natalie Leys University of Sheffield, (UOS), Prof. Bob Hockey

4. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy Develop an integrated life sciences research roadmap enabling European human space exploration in synergy with the ESA strategy, taking advantage of the expertise available in Europe and identifying the potential of non- space applications and dual research and development.

5. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy 1. Whole spectrum of research enabling human exploration + interactions among various communities  cross-disciplinary issues identified and highlighted 2.Large participation of related communities through Expert groups, questionnaires and workshops  roadmap easily accepted  no issue left out 3. Experienced and widely recognised Expert Group Chairs  work of high quality

6. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 123 experts in 23 countries involved directly 106 at kick-off conference in April 2010 5 Clusters (each with sub-groups) = 5 workshops in 2010 Questionnaire – 272 answers (149 from non-THESEUS experts)

7. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy Cluster 1: Integrated systems Physiology Cluster 2: Psychology and Human-Machine Systems Cluster 3: Space Radiation Cluster 4: Habitat Management Cluster 5: Space Medicine and medication in space

8. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy Synthesis of workshop recommendations: Identify interactions and issues of common interest Structure the roadmap around integrated view of: 1.Adaptation to the space environment (in particular the combined effect of multiple stressors) 2.Countermeasures to multiple stressors (in particular interaction between different countermeasures) 3.Enabling/required tools and methods. 14 Expert Groups reports  Integration Workshop (June 2011) Participants: Coordinators, Expert Groups chairs and rapporteurs

9. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy  Contamination  Individual factors: why and how individuals respond differently?  Molecular and cell biology; genetics  Monitoring  Modelling  Integrated countermeasures  Radiation effects Issues were included in the roadmap, based on the 3 themes identified in the workshop

10. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 A closer look at Cluster 4: Habitat Management

11. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 1) Microbiological Quality Control of the Indoor Environment in Space - 2) Life Support: Management and Regeneration of Air, Water and Food

12. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Francesc GodiaUAB, SPAINChair Cesare LobascioThales Alenia Space, ITALYRapporteur Claude-Gilles DussapUniversité Blaise Pascal, FRANCE Klaus SlenzkaOHB, GERMANY Francesco CanganellaUniversity Tuscia, ITALY Alexander HoehnTechnische Universität München, GERMANY Heleen De WeverVITO, BELGIUM Angelo VermeulenBiomodd, BELGIUM Barbara ImhofLiquifer systems group, AUSTRIA Mark KlissNASA, USA

13. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Develop / Improve 1. Metrics for evaluation of LSS architectures, technologies, and their evolution 2. Model-based regenerative Life Support via a system level approach 3. LS subsystems and components for long-duration space flight and planetary surface mission phases 4. Autonomy of LSS via monitoring and control 5. LSS robustness, reliability, availability, maintainability, safety, acceptability in long-term integrated operations 6. High performance materials for LSS 7. In-Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) for life support 8. LSS architecture to increase habitability

14. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Develop / Improve 1. Metrics for evaluation of LSS architectures, technologies, and their evolution 2. Model-based regenerative Life Support via a system level approach 3. LS subsystems and components for long-duration space flight and planetary surface mission phases 4. Autonomy of LSS via monitoring and control 5. LSS robustness, reliability, availability, maintainability, safety, acceptability in long-term integrated operations 6. High performance materials for LSS 7. In-Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) for life support 8. LSS architecture to increase habitability

15. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 LSS = integrated sum of unit operations  Study the individual units as well as the whole system Modelling approach by knowledge models (designing/evaluating) Open-loop ok for short duration missions. Future missions require nearly complete air and water recycling  regenerative systems Europe has invested heavily on modeling, is leading

16. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Proposed investigations and recommendations  Understanding of closed loops via multiple parameter analysis  Models for simulation and prediction of system performance  Robust control strategy and buffer capacity, and start-up and emergency storage scenarios.  Supporting databases containing actual data on tested equipment, biological processes, plants, human, etc.  Models of micro-contaminants at molecular level and countermeasures for adverse effects.  Conclusive demonstration for the closure, including integrated testing.

17. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 For long term space missions, bioreactors and Higher Plant Chambers have to be strongly intensified and miniaturised. Characterisation and understanding of novel proposed processes under space flight conditions (reduced gravity, radiation exposure, etc.) is a prerequisite.

18. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Proposed investigations and recommendations  Develop and test prototypes for regenerative LSS in relevant environmental conditions, including more efficient microbial bioreactors and plant growth chambers.  Improve efficiency and yield of biological conversion.  Characterise performances of biological elements in relevant conditions.  Investigate genetic stability of specimens in reactor systems and space environment.  Capture gaps that currently emerge from LSS operations in space and on Earth  lessons learned catalogue available to a wider community.  Improve understanding of multi-phase mass /heat transfer processes under modified-gravity, incorporate solutions into equipment design.

19. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 LSS failure can have severe consequences, both for crew and infrastructure  For long-durations missions, life support systems will have to be error-free over a longer time frame.

20. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Proposed investigations and recommendations Implement failure tolerant functions Facilities for long-duration integrated testing, incl. several LSS modules (e.g. reactors, higher plants chambers) + habitat and crew activities (e.g. EVA, medical-psychological-behavioural-acceptability aspects). Test facilities must be modular, flexible to accommodate alternative elements, robust and easy to reactivate and expand. Application of HACCP and GMP methods to guarantee the same level of safety (and encourage acceptability) now existing for food and pharma Test miniaturised components and life support systems on Lunar Lander to assess environmental factors on system performance. Exploit ISS and other space flight opportunities as a test bed for life support system technology.

21. Towards Human Exploration of Space – a EUropean Strategy The THESEUS Coordination Action has received funding from the EC’s 7 th Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n° 242482 (see Article II.30. of the Grant Agreement) ISLSWG Workshop Bioregenerative Life Support Turin 18/05/2015 Recommendations are a key input to this WS and future activities