1. Working in Teams Health IT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b This material (Comp17_Unit1b) was developed by Johns Hopkins University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU24OC000013.

2. Health IT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Learning Objectives—Lecture b Describe the characteristics of an effective team and work group. Identify and differentiate roles of IT health care professionals in teams. Describe the value of teams and the importance of collaboration for the IT professional in teams. 2 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

3. Clear Purpose/Mission Goal agreement through a common commitment to patients’ needs. Action that will improve the quality of care. Health care teams need to identify appropriate patient-related goals and link these with both team and professional goals, while upholding the organization’s mission (Maple, 1987). 3 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

4. Appropriate Culture Define expectations and mechanisms of accountability for all teams. Shared team vision and experiences of success 4 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

5. Specified Task Motivating for the team members Shared responsibility and accountability for the achievement Health care IT teams need to clearly define the specific aspect of complex and inter-related patient care that they address. 5 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

6. Distinct Roles 6 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b Roles can be flexible enough in a team to accommodate individual differences, personal development needs, and changes in the members of the team. Conflicts can be alleviated when the professionals work across disciplinary boundaries in the best interest of the members of the team.

7. Leadership Leadership should reflect the team’s stage of development. Strategic focus must be maintained. 7 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

8. Relevant Members Right amount of members Appropriate mix and diversity of task and interpersonal skills 8 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

9. Adequate Resources Financial assistance, administrative and technical support, and education and training Safe physical environment In health care environments, a potential for conflict can exist due to clinical responsibilities, training needs, and issues of patient safety and confidentiality. (Hackman, 1990) 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

10. Individual Contributions Think about the teams you have been on. What do you see as your contributions? Effective teams contain individuals with: – self-knowledge – trust – commitment – flexibility 10 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

11. Self-Knowledge Personal and professional Understanding of the colleagues’ skills and responsibilities Professional expectations Perceptions of colleagues’ images of the individual 11 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

12. Trust Through developing confidence in each other’s competence and reliability Need to discuss openly any similarities and differences in their professional values and standards 12 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

13. Commitment Developed via self-knowledge and ability to trust Willingness for short-term personal sacrifice for good of the team 13 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

14. Flexibility Open attitude Accommodate different personal values Be receptive to the ideas of others 14 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

15. Team Processes 15 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b Coordination Communication Cohesion Decision-Making Conflict Management Social Relationships Performance Feedback

16. Coordination & Communication Coordination –Embrace member variety –Incorporate different perspectives of members –Optimize integration of unique skill sets Communication –An observable exchange of information - interactions of power, attitudes, and values 16 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

17. Cohesion This attribute acknowledges members’ personal attraction to the team and the task. Members cooperate interdependently around the team’s task to meet team goals. 17 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

18. Decision -Making A range of team members’ knowledge and skills that contributes to expand information and generates more legitimate decisions 18 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

19. Conflict Management Aid in creative thinking Address elements of destructive team processes 19 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

20. Social Relationships Showing empathy and support Offering assistance when needed Sharing information Mutual problem solving 20 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

21. Performance Feedback Timely and accurate Should focus on the future Open communication channels Targets team performance 21 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

22. Health IT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Summary—Lecture b Characteristics of Effective Teamwork –Organizational Structure –Individual Contribution –Team Processes Roles of Health IT Teams Value of Collaboration for Health IT Professionals 22 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

23. Health IT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Summary—Lecture b References Hackman JR, ed. (1990) Groups that work (and those that don't): creating conditions for effective teamwork. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; Katzenbach JR, Smith DK. (1993) The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High-Performance Organization, Harper Business, New York. 1993. Maple. G. Early Intervention: Some issues in co-operative team work Australian Occupational Therapy Journal,1987. Mickan S, Rodger S. Characteristics of effective teams: a literature review. Australian Health Review. 23(3):201- 208. 2000. Norm N. The Value of Teams in the Workplace. The University Record. 1996 Oct 8; Available from: http://www.ur.umich.edu/9697/Oct08_96/artcl15c.htm http://www.ur.umich.edu/9697/Oct08_96/artcl15c.htm Richard AG, Dickson MW. (1996) Teams in Organizations: Recent Research on Performance and Effectiveness. Annual Review of Psychology. 47(1): 307-338. Zeff LE, Higby MA. (2002) Teaching More Than You Know. Academic Exchange Quarterly. 6(3). 23 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b

24. Health IT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Summary—Lecture b Images Slide 7: Stairs in the Forest. Photo by Tim Green aka atouch via Flickr, used under the Creative Commons License.Available from: http://www.flickr.com/photos/atoach/1498294434/http://www.flickr.com/photos/atoach/1498294434/ Slide 12: The word trust written on a stone wall. Photo Credit: Flickr user vagawi (Creative Commons). Available from: http://www.jasonvana.com/http://www.jasonvana.com/ Slide 16: Communication. "Communication" by DailyPic (Joan M. Mas), under a Creative Commons license on flickr. Mas is a graphic designer and illustrater at vectoralia.com.Available from: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dailypic/1459055735/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/dailypic/1459055735/ Slide 17: Cohesion. The picture, by FredArmitage/flickr is reproduced here under a Creative Commons Attribution- Non-Commercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 Generic license. Available from: http://www.infed.org/groupwork/what_is_a_group.htm#cite http://www.infed.org/groupwork/what_is_a_group.htm#cite Slide 18: Decision Making. Image by: SeanbJack via Creative Commons License. Available from: http://katenasser.com/are-you-too-nice-to-lead/ http://katenasser.com/are-you-too-nice-to-lead/ 24 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Working in Teams HIT Teams: Examples and Characteristics Lecture b