2. GROWING UP UNIFYING MONGOLIAN TRIBES  Mother had been kidnapped by his father  Deserted by tribe  Took over family  Captured and enslaved  Borte / wife, 4 sons +  Rescue, alliances, general ‘warrior-ing’, followers  Allies rather than relatives  Executed other leaders  Remaining members into his clan  Warriors into units of 10 without regard to kin  1206 Meeting of Representatives  “Universal Ruler”

4.  “ It is not sufficient that I succeed. All other must fail.”  -Genghis Khan

5.  No aristocratic titles  No selling and kidnapping of women  No enslavement of any Mongol  Livestock theft punishable by death.  Adopted a writing system  Took regular census (count of people governed)  Granted diplomatic immunity to foreign ambassadors  Freedom of religion (he was an animist).

7.  The army consisted almost entirely of cavalrymen, who were expert riders and deadly with a bow and arrows.  False withdrawal  Seige, sacking, looting, burning to ground  Top class killed, lowest class human shields  Skilled workers preserved