1. Review of Mongols 1.Russian growth stagnated [stayed the same] for over 200 years under the rule of what ruthless and barbaric group? 2.Genghis Khan united which people? 3.Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols? a. avoiding contacts with the West b. paying monetary tribute to local leaders c. employing superior military skills d. converting conquered peoples to Confucianism 4. What resulted from the Pax Mongolica? 5. As a result of Marco Polo’s trips to China? a. The Silk Roads replaced the all-water route to Asia b. The Chinese forced the Europeans to trade only in Peking c. China was isolated from other countries d. He increased European knowledge and interest in trade with China

2. What made them so Successful… 1.Military! All men over the age of 14 were expected to undertake military duty. Upon being summoned, the men were expected to leave their flocks, take with them 4 or 5 changes of horse and travel to wherever their unit happened to be based. Wives and children were expected to follow, and if the army was abroad the family traveled with the herds. (so Mongols were not ____________) Soldiers wore silk shirts (harder for arrows to pierce through b/c so tightly woven) over the silk he wore a tunic, breastplate made of leather covered iron scales. They carried a leather covered shield and helmet of either iron or leather depending on rank. If, in battle, a group of soldiers flees (runs away) they will be put to death. And if someone is captured and the rest do not try to go save him, they will be put to death They try to fight at night so their enemies get no rest They would stage fake people on horses to make their armies look larger – this tactic is called psychological warfare-the use of propaganda, threats, and other psychological techniques to mislead, intimidate, or otherwise influence the thinking or behavior of an opponent in war.

3. What made them so successful continued… 2. Their use of horses (tell me what you learned from your 5 star project). They looked down on the Chinese because they were farmers and worked on their knees. They believed life is better lived on a horse. 3. Strong leaders; Genghis Khan & Kublai Khan Ghenghis Khan- wanted to avenge his fathers death. He united the Mongols for the first time, under one ruler, in history. He conquered China and Russia.

4. Kublai Khan- Grandson to Ghengis Khan, was born and raised in China so he was not trusted by many in the empire. But he was able to maintain order and peace throughout the empire and his reign is known as the Pax Mongolica or “the Mongolian peace”. He expanded the Mongol territory to the rest of China. His death will be the end of the greatest extent of the Mongol empire. Over the next hundred years the empire will slowly start to crumble.

5. 4. Strong economy based on a tribute system- countries that were under the control of the Mongol empire had to pay tribute (money) to the Mongols to “protect” them and trade with them etc.

6. But Russia didn’t want to be under the Mongols rule anymore!!