1. Storms Review – 1 Describe the heating of the Earth’s surface. (land vs. water) – The Earth’s surface is heated unevenly because different substances absorb and retain different amount of heat. Land warms and cools quickly. Water warms and cools slowly.

2. Storms Review - 2 The air masses over the pacific Northwest are usually cool and moist. Why? – Air masses take on the characteristics of the surface it forms over. Since there is a cool moist ocean near the Pacific Northwest, the air masses here are typically cool and moist.

3. Storms Review - 3 The weather man said that yesterday a cold front came in? What is that? What type of weather is usually associated with fronts? – A front is where two air masses meet. So, in a cold front a cooler air mass moved in to take the place of a warmer air mass. Storms usually take place along fronts. Cooler Air Mass Warmer Air Mass Front

4. Storms Review - 4 On the map: – Which is a warm front? What does that mean? B is the warm front. A warm front is when warmer air is going into cooler air. A B

5. Storms Review - 5 What makes the wind blow? What is the process called? – Rising warmer air is replaced with falling cooler air. The moving air is called wind. This process is called the convection current. Wind

6. Storms Review - 6 How are low pressure areas created? – Air rising creates low pressure areas What type of weather is usually associated with low pressure areas? – Stormy weather is usually associated with low pressure because clouds can form in low pressure. How are high pressure areas created? – High pressure areas are created when air falls. What type of weather is usually associated with low pressure areas? – High pressure areas are associated with clear weather because clouds cannot form in high pressure areas.

7. Storms Review - 7 What is the name for each process? – From water vapor to cloud? Condensation – Water moves from clouds to surface? Precipitation – Water moves from the surface to the clouds? Evaporation – Where does the water cycle end? Nowhere. It does not have a beginning or an ending.

8. Storms Review - 8 When flying the other day, I noticed that we went right past and above the clouds and the rest of the sky was totally clear. Hmmmmm? – Explain how that is possible – All the clouds are in the troposphere and the plane went higher than the troposphere – What are the layers of the atmosphere? (From bottom to top) Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere – What layer do jet airplanes cruise in? Stratosphere – How do the pressure and amount of air change as you go up in altitude As you go up, the pressure decreases and the air thins

9. Storms Review - 9 Describe the convection currents in the ocean. – The Earth heats the oceans unevenly (Warm at the equator and cold at the poles). Warmer water rises and colder water sinks. The cold water moves over to replace the warm water that is rising and that makes a deep ocean current. In La Nina years a lot of cold water comes up to the surface! What’s up with that? – During La Nina years, the wind is blowing especially hard over the ocean causing cooler water to rise up and make the surface of the ocean cooler.

10. Storms Review - 10 Describe why the surface of the ocean has currents? Which direction do they go? – The ocean surface has currents because the wind blows. The surface currents go in the same direction as the wind is blowing.

11. Storms Review - 11 How can currents influence the climate? Name a place whose climate is different than it should be because of a current. – Currents create air masses above them which influences the land they form near. An example would be near England. It is warmer than it should be there because a warm current passes nearby.

13. Test Review What are the five types of clouds? – Fog, Stratus, Cumulus, Cumulonimbus and Cirrus What three factors determine the type of cloud that forms? – Temperature, pressure and humidity. Describe how the troposphere changes with elevation. – As elevation rises, the temperature decreases, air thins and pressure decreases.