1. Unit #8 the Late 20 th Century Lesson #1 THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR

2. Essential Questions 1.Were the Soviets justified in their pushing to control most of Eastern Europe? Explain. 2.How was the East and West different?

3. War dead 26,000,000 Soviets 9,000,000 military 17 million civilian 60,000,000-80,000,000 total dead from war

4. Homeless 25,000,000 Soviets homeless 20,000,000 Germans homeless 13,000,000 Germans fled east in front of advancing Soviets

5. The end of Nazi Europe What should happen to the living Nazi leaders? Who should be blamed for the Holocaust, and the massive # of dead? “Denazification” and the Nuremberg Trials 45,000 sentenced to prison or death

6. Soviet Union COMINTERN plans Stalin trusted only other communists as dependable allies Attempted to install his style of government throughout the east What was the fear of the western nations?

7. Stalin needed to separate from USA Stalin immediately cut off aid to Soviets when Germans were defeated Stalin purged any non-communist leaders in Bloc nations Established soviet style governments one-party governments Americans saw this as “exporting” communism

8. Truman Doctrine Goal: Containment! Use pressure to prevent nations falling to Communism Greece and Turkey – testing grounds US increased military spending Troops and research (including nuclear) Soviets got their own atomic bomb – 1949

9. Marshal Plan $$ to help stability of Europe Total: $13 billion (~$200 billion by today’s standards) Most successful foreign aid programs ever. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAzpZcxR3ko

10. Soviets attempt to “support” their sphere COMECON (Council for Mutual Economic Asst.) – Stalin’s $$ to rebuild the East Never had the infusion of $$ like the US did Why not? What was different? Why could they never really compete?

11. Comparison: East and West Europe Evolved into completely different “spheres” of control East recovered slowly West recovered more quickly

12. Berlin Blockade Berlin Blockade & Berlin Airlift, 1948-49

13. Arms Race – US vs. USSR NATO (1949) Warsaw Pact (1955)

14. Big Science and New Technologies Applied science Radar Rockets Jet aircraft Electronic computers A new style of MERCANTILISM Expensive – large scale government planning Spending grew 5X as fast as income growth

15. New Weapons Missiles Nuclear submarines Spy satellites

16. Space Race 1957 – Sputnik (used long range rockets from nuke program) 1961 – cosmonaut in space 1969 – USA landed on moon Four more by 1972

17. Computing Machine ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) 1945 – US Army at Univ. of Penn 1947 – vacuum tubes replaced by transistors

18. A brief description of the Cold War

19. The Legacy of the Cold War