2. WHITEBOARD Deen Alex Fo. 9N MichaelAmeyaAushanDhillonJamesAaron AmirJasonMatthew Seabul- oon Zakar- iyya Navid Rhoed- mar Luke H SamLuke A Alex Fe. 9G EdwardQuintonThomasSankeith

3. £6.6bn Germany 2 ToV cartoons – what do they mean?

4. The ToV (continued) and the German Revolution of Nov 1918

5. The plan for today…. …build on what we already know about the ToV … practice analysing a cartoon about the ToV … look at what was happening in Germany in Nov 1918 … analyse how the German Government changed after WWI

6. Georges Clemenceau (France) David Lloyd- George (Britain) Woodrow Wilson (USA)

7. Count von Brockdorff-Rantzau – Head of the German Delegation (Group) at the ToV negotiations We were aghast when we read… the demands made upon us, the victorious violence of our enemies. The more deeply we [look at]… this treaty, the more convinced we become of the impossibility of carrying it out. [The terms]… of this treaty are more than the German people can bear. Treaties of peace signed by the great powers have, it is true, in the history of the last decades, again and again proclaimed the right of the stronger. But each of these treaties of peace has been a factor in originating and prolonging… war. Whenever in this war the victor has spoken to the vanquished, [including] at Brest-Litovsk … his words were but the seeds of future discord. We came to Versailles in the expectation of receiving a [fair] peace … we hoped for the peace of justice which had been promised to us.

8. What was agreed? LAME… Germany accepted guilt for starting WW1 (Clause 231) EPARATIONS… Germany forced to pay £6.6bn for war damage RMY… 100,000 men; no airforce; no tanks; no subs; 6 Battleships ERRITORY… lost 10% land, 12.5% pop. BR ATBR AT

9. “Make Germany Pay” 1.Take additional notes, especially on aims of the “Big Three” 2.Anything you find interesting / surprising? 3.What happened at Scapa Flow?

10. At Scapa Flow the German Navy “scuttled” (destroyed) their own ships rather than hand them over to the Allies…

11. The plan for today…. …build on what we already know about the ToV … practice analysing a cartoon about the ToV … look at what was happening in Germany in Nov 1918 … analyse how the German Government changed after WWI

12. USA Italy EnglandFrance “Sweet Oil of Brotherhood” “Peace Soup” National Sentiment Name of Cartoon: “The Melting Pot” What is the message of this cartoon? Answer using CONTENT (what you see) and CONTEXT (what you know)

13. 1-2 – message partially identified 3-4 – message identified 5-6 – message + good use of CONTENT (what you see) OR CONTEXT (what you know about the period) 7 – message + good use of CONTENT (what you see) AND CONTEXT (what you know) The message of the cartoon is that Big Three at the Paris Peace negotiations have different goals and, as a result, the “Peace Soup” they are making is a mess. The cartoon compares the peace process to a number of chefs cooking a soup. Wilson is the head chef. In the cartoon he is pouring the “Sweet Oil of Brotherhood” into the soup. This reflects his desire for a “just peace” and to set up a new League of Nations to help bring all countries together. Lloyd George of Britain, Clemenceau of France and the Italian leader are all shown. They each have buckets of “national sentiment” to pour into the soup. This shows they are not acting together but just doing what is right for themselves. As a result the “peace soup” they are making is a mess that is unlikely to please anyone… just like the real Treaty.

14. The plan for today…. …build on what we already know about the ToV … practice analysing a cartoon about the ToV … look at what was happening in Germany in Nov 1918 … analyse how the German Government changed after WWI

16. The USA joined the war on Britain & France’s side in 1917… The Germans knew that they had to act quickly to win the war before too many US soldiers were trained and brought to France… In Spring 1918 Germany launched a major attack – the Ludendorff Offensive… … it was very successful at first but eventually Germany ran out of men and resources to keep the attack going… … by summer 1918 the tide turned. The Allies pushed forward and the Germans retreated… … in October 1918 the Allies broke through the Hindenburg Line… There were now no defences and no German army between the allies and Germany Video link Video link 09:25-23:00

17. 1. He collapsed and had a fit. 2. General Ludendorff 3. They thought they would get a better deal from the USA than from Britain or France 4. More fighting was in the open… without the protection of trenches more people died… Wilfred Owen, solider & poet; killed one week before the 11 Nov 1918 ceasefire.

18. 1. He collapsed and had a fit. 2. General Ludendorff 3. They thought they would get a better deal from the USA than from Britain or France 4. More fighting was in the open… without the protection of trenches more people died… 5. Germany to leave France & Belgium; give up its navy; & pay compensation 6. Refused to fire on protesting crowds; eventually told him to leave 7. “the dagger of revolutionaries” 8. Most were happy

19. The plan for today…. …build on what we already know about the ToV … practice analysing a cartoon about the ToV … look at what was happening in Germany in Nov 1918 … analyse how the German Government changed after WWI

20. The rule of the Kaiser (Emperor) until 1918 Wilhelm II

21. German Constitution (System of Government) 1914 Kaiser Wilhelm II (hereditary monarch) Government (Chancellor; Ministers) Reichstag (Parliament) (elected) Can stop laws proposed by the Government but can not make laws Electors Men over 25 can vote The Army AppointsCalls/DismissesControls Copy the diagram of the 1914 Constitution

22. Question Look at the diagram and the sources: Where does power lie in the German Constitution in 1914? SOURCE A There is only one master in this country. That am I. Who opposes me I shall crush to pieces. Kaiser Wilhelm II, speaking before 1914. SOURCE B The old Reichstag was a useless parliament. It could speak but it had no voice. A German politician speaking in 1926. 2:001:591:581:571:561:551:541:531:521:511:501:491:481:471:461:451:441:431:421:411:401:391:381:371:361:351:341:331:321:311:301:291:281:271:261:251:241:231:221:211:201:191:181:171:161:151:141:131:121:111:101:091:081:071:061:051:041:031:021:011:000:590:580:570:560:550:540:530:520:510:500:490:480:470:460:450:440:430:420:410:400:390:380:370:360:350:340:330:320:310:300:290:280:270:260:250:240:230:220:210:200:190:180:170:160:150:140:130:120:110:100:090:080:070:060:050:040:030:020:01End

23. Weimar Republic The name of the new government set up in Germany after WWI

24. The Weimar Republic At the end of the First World War, the Kaiser abdicated (stepped down)… In 1919, elections were held and the “Weimar Republic” was set up…. Before 1914, the government of Germany had been an autocracy After 1919, it was a parliamentary democracy – a republic. Definitions – match these up to the terms in red … Government elected by the people … power in the hands of a few people … democracy with no monarch

25. German Constitution (system of Government) 1919 Voters All men and women over the age of 20 can vote PRESIDENT The Army Reichstag (Parliament) Government CHANCELLOR & Ministers Must have a majority in the Reichstag, and do as the Reichstag says Controls Appoints from which is elected Copy the diagram they elect…

26. Question Look at the diagram and the sources Where does power lie in the German Constitution in 1919? SOURCE C The German Commonwealth is a Republic. Political authority is derived from the People – The Weimar Constitution, 1919 SOURCE D The Constitution was a brave attempt to set up a domestic government...All Germans had equal rights, including the vote. Political parties were given seats in proportion to the number of votes they got. This was fair. – A modern textbook 2:001:591:581:571:561:551:541:531:521:511:501:491:481:471:461:451:441:431:421:411:401:391:381:371:361:351:341:331:321:311:301:291:281:271:261:251:241:231:221:211:201:191:181:171:161:151:141:131:121:111:101:091:081:071:061:051:041:031:021:011:000:590:580:570:560:550:540:530:520:510:500:490:480:470:460:450:440:430:420:410:400:390:380:370:360:350:340:330:320:310:300:290:280:270:260:250:240:230:220:210:200:190:180:170:160:150:140:130:120:110:100:090:080:070:060:050:040:030:020:01End

27. 60 seconds – draw a quick cartoon / picture of Ebert so you remember what he looks like Friedrich Ebert – President of Germany 1919- 1925 2:001:591:581:571:561:551:541:531:521:511:501:491:481:471:461:451:441:431:421:411:401:391:381:371:361:351:341:331:321:311:301:291:281:271:261:251:241:231:221:211:201:191:181:171:161:151:141:131:121:111:101:091:081:071:061:051:041:031:021:011:000:590:580:570:560:550:540:530:520:510:500:490:480:470:460:450:440:430:420:410:400:390:380:370:360:350:340:330:320:310:300:290:280:270:260:250:240:230:220:210:200:190:180:170:160:150:140:130:120:110:100:090:080:070:060:050:040:030:020:01End

28. The Weimar Constitution The President Elected every 7 years - First Pres. was Friedrich Ebert… The Chancellor (Prime Minister) Appointed by the President from the Reichstag (Parliament). The Chancellor had to have a majority of seats (over 50%) in the Reichstag. Article 48 In an emergency the President could make laws without the Reichstag. The Reichstag – Parliament It contained 2 “chambers”... 1. the Reichstag … each member was elected by the German people 2. the Reichsrat – each province in Germany (e.g. Bavaria or Prussia) would send representatives.

29. Task You’re a soldier who has just returned from the war back to Germany I want you to create a diary entry about the state of the country you have just found - how do you feel about what the Treaty of Versailles has done to Germany? What do you think of the Weimar Republic? Will it help to get Germany back to full strength? Or has it been weakened by other nations? End 10 minutes

30. Video resources… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YJfOZ kriyk (Make Germany Pay – 10 minutes)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YJfOZ kriyk Ist 8 minutes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eSlUfHL yAM&list=PLv1i6oRUXx9TIiGUi2WSxJ5zqr Pg8Qbb8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eSlUfHL yAM&list=PLv1i6oRUXx9TIiGUi2WSxJ5zqr Pg8Qbb8 future video – good revision