1. Change Over Time Essential Question: How do species change over time?

2.  EvolutionVariations  AdaptationMutations  PhysicalGenetic Diversity  PhysiologicalNatural Selection  BehavioralCharles Darwin  ProtectiveGalapagos finches Vocabulary

3.  Darwin’s theory Concepts

4. Why does evolution matter now? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/teachst uds/svideos.html Intro:

5.  Process by which species change over time.  Slow, gradual over long periods of time. Evolution

6.  Traits that help organisms survive in their particular environment.  Organisms must survive long enough to produce offspring & pass on their traits.  An adaptation in one environment may not be helpful in another environment! Adaptation

7.  Part of organism’s body.  Examples: long neck of giraffe; pine tree needles. Physical Adaptation

8.  How the body functions.  Examples: Ability to regulate body temperature; produce a toxic substance. Physiological Adaptation

9.  Something an organism does.  Examples: Building a nest; recognizing a predator. Behavioral Adaptation

10.  Help protect organisms from predators.  Examples: Hedgehogs & sea urchins have sharp spines to keep predators away; Turtles & snails have protective shells. Protective Adaptation

11.  Differences that exist naturally among members of a population or species.  Offspring are not exactly like their parents, because parents’ genes combine in new ways. Variations

12.  Change in a gene or chromosome (DNA).  Have 1 of 3 possible effects… 1.helps organism survive. 2.Harmful/deadly. 3.Most have no effect at all. Mutations

13.  Differences among members of species, meaning some individuals are better suited to survive.  Species with more variation are most likely to survive. Genetic Diversity

14. Jean Baptiste Lamarck

15.  Tailless Mice Experiment August Weissman

16.  Process by which organisms that are best suited to a particular environment survive and reproduce.  Works with the natural genetic variation as parents pass on traits to offspring.  “Survival of the Fittest.” Natural Selection

17.  British naturalist developed the theory of “Evolution by Natural Selection.”  Traveled on the ship HMS Beagle in the 1830’s to the Galapagos Islands; observed finches and tortoises.  Published theory in 1859 in book “On the Origin of Species.” Charles Darwin

19.  Species of finches had beaks of different shapes & sizes, depending on type of food available.  Darwin suggested the finches evolved from a single finch species (ancestor species) from the mainland, which then adapted to different island conditions. Galapagos Finches