1.  OBJECTIVE: Analyze the political, economic, and social impact of Reconstruction on the nation and identify the reasons why Reconstruction came to an end…  FIRST 5:  Open text to 391  Analyze Sharecropping chart  Answer the skill builder question

3.  Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction  Lincoln was able to maintain his goal of preserving the Union  He did not want to punish the Confederacy, just rebuild it  Wanted to allow Confederate states to form their own governments once 10% of the voting population swore an oath of allegiance to the United States  April 14th, 1865  Just five days after the surrender at Appomattox Courthouse  John Wilkes Booth (Confederate sympathizer) assassinated Lincoln at Ford’s Theater (1838-1865)

4.  Congress passed the Civil Rights Act  Intended to give citizenship rights to freed slaves  Johnson vetoed the measure  Congress overrides Johnson  Concerned that the courts might strike down the new law as unconstitutional, Congress passed a new amendment to the U.S constitution

5.  14th amendment: guaranteed that no persons (regardless of race) would be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law  Gave Citizenship to freedmen  Ratified in 1868

6.  Johnson v. Congress climaxed in 1868  Johnson tried to fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton  He had been appointed by Lincoln  He was fired due to his close ties with Radical Republicans  This violated the Tenure of Office Act

7.  13th Amendment freed the slaves  Now, African-Americans in the South had to adjust to life after slavery  In 1865, Congress created the Freedmen’s Bureau  Considered the first federal relief agency in U.S History  Served to provide clothing, medical attention, meals, education, and even some land to freed blacks and some poorer whites  Lacked strong support and disbanded in 1869

8.  Sharecroppers and Tenant Farmers  African Americans had their freedom, but they had no land or money  To survive, they turned to sharecropping  This is a practice by which a family farmed a portion of a landowner’s land in return for housing and a share of the crop  Many sharecroppers fell victim to dishonest landowners who subjected to them to a subtle form of slavery  If a sharecropper was fortunate, he might save enough money to try tenant farming  Tenant Farming  Tenant farmers paid rent to farm the land and owned the crops they grew  They were not as much at the mercy of white landowners, as were sharecroppers

9.  Carpetbaggers  Northerners who had come to the South to do business  Scalawags  Southerners, often Republicans, who supported Reconstruction

10.  Grant’s presidency saw the last piece of major legislation in Reconstruction  In 1870, the 15th Amendment was ratified to the Constitution  Guaranteed that no citizen may be denied the right to vote by the US or any state on the account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude  Amendment had great impact in the South by guaranteeing African Americans the right to vote

11.  Compromise of 1877 ( HAYES TILDEN COMPROMISE)  Democrats agreed to Hayes being president and Republicans agreed to end Reconstruction  Southern states received federal money, more power to govern themselves, and a promise to withdraw federal troops  Decision brought Reconstruction to an end and began the era of the Solid South

12.  As Reconstruction ended, southern states passed these laws  They required blacks and whites to use separate public facilities  Many states also tried to avoid upholding the 15th amendment by requiring citizens to pass literacy tests or pay poll taxes in order to vote  Most African Americans in south tended to be poor and uneducated so the new laws prevented many of them from voting  In order to keep these laws from hindering poor and illiterate whites state states instituted grandfather clauses

13.  These were clauses that exempted citizens from restrictions on voting if they, or their ancestors, had voted in previous elections  Since whites had enjoyed the right to vote for years, grandfather clauses allowed poor and illiterate whites to vote while excluding African Americans