1. D ATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM By Rubel Biswas

2. W HAT IS I NFORMATION ? It’s just something you can’t avoid. It is generally referred to as data.

3. W HAT IS D ATA ?????? Qualitative Data:  Descriptive information (it describes something) Quantitative Data:  Numerical information (numbers).  Discrete: Counted  Continuous: Measured

4. W HY D ATA ????? Identify common behavior Knowing how consumers behave. Improve relevancy Data can help you identify topics and themes that are popular Be flexible Data can help you to be more flexible in the way you communicate online Be social Social networks are increasingly opening up to let marketers have more and more insights into how users behave

5. W HY SHOULD STORE DATA ???? Data can be damage. Safer way to store data is in a USB. Can easily go into the computer to search for the data that you need. Reuse

6. W HERE S HOULD Y OU S TORE D ATA ???? Work with existing data. Creating an application to store new data. Building an Office-based application. Store data in a Microsoft Excel workbook, in a Microsoft Access database (.mdb), or on a database server, such as Microsoft SQL Server.

7. D ATA B ASE AND D ATABASE SYSTEM A database is a structured collection of data. Database is correctly applied to the data and their supporting data structure. Database system implies that the data are managed to some level of quality. (measured in terms of accuracy, availability, usability) Database is correctly applied to the data and their supporting data structure. A general-purpose DBMS is typically a complex software system that meets many usage requirements to properly maintain its databases which are often large and complex.

8. D ATABASE M ANAGEMENT S YSTEMS A database management system is a collection of programs that carry out activities on a database, including setting up storage structures loading data accepting and performing updates accepting data requests from users and programs. An architecture for a database system View 1 Physical level Logical level View 2View n … View level

9. D ATABASE LANGUAGES DDL: A data definition language or data description language ( DDL ) is a syntax similar to a computer Programming language for defining data structures, especially database schemas. DML: A data manipulation language ( DML ) is a family of syntax elements similar to a computer programming language used for inserting, deleting and updating data in a database. Two classes of languages Procedural – user specifies what data is required and how to get those data Nonprocedural – user specifies what data is required without specifying how to get those data

10. D ATABASE LANGUAGES (C ONT.) Schema The logical structure of the database (e.g., set of customers and accounts and the relationship between them) Instance The actual content of the database at a particular point in time Attributes – A component of the database, such as a table or a field

11. T RANSACTION AND S TORAGE M ANAGEMENT Transaction Management A transaction is a collection of operations. Transaction-management component Concurrency-control manager. Storage Management Program module that provides the interface between the low- level data and the application programs. Responsible for the following tasks: Interaction with the file manager Efficient storing, retrieving, and updating of data

12. D ATABASE U SERS Users are differentiated by the way they expect to interact with the system Application programmers – interact with system through DML calls Sophisticated users – form requests in a database query language Specialized users – write specialized database applications that do not fit into the traditional data processing framework Naïve users – invoke one of the permanent application programs that have been written previously Database Administrator: Coordinates all the activities of the database system Database administrator’s duties include:  Schema definition  Storage structure and access method definition  Schema and physical organization modification  Granting user authority to access the database  Specifying integrity constraints

13. Output dataInput data Intermediate results, Control statements, etc. Persistent data Database Database Characteristics Transient data Database Characteristics

14. F ILE S YSTEM VS D ATABASE M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM File System File System Data Management Data Dependence Structural Dependence Field Definitions and Naming Conventions Data Redundancy Database Management System Database consists of logically related data stored in a single repository Provides advantages over file system management approach –Eliminates inconsistency, data anomalies, data dependency, and structural dependency problems –Stores data structures, relationships, and access paths

15. A GOOD DBMS PERFORMS THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS maintain data dictionary support multiple views of data enforce integrity constraints enforce access constraints support concurrency control support backup and recovery procedures support logical transactions

16. E NTITY -R ELATIONSHIP M ODEL Example of entity-relationship model customer account depositor social-security customer-street customer-name account-number balance customer-city

17. A NY Q UESTION Spring 2016