3.  Aims: ◦ In this unit you will look at two very different volcanic eruptions. ◦ You will learn the effects that volcanoes can have on people and the environment around them. ◦ You will learn how Volcanic eruptions can have wider reaching global effects too.

5.  Watch the DVD on the Mt St Helens eruption and take notes.

6.  Use the New Wider World book and answer the questions on Mt St. Helens (ask teacher for the page as it is different depending on your book).

7.  This was a very destructive volcanic eruption.  Many people died and there was a lot of damage caused to the surrounding area.  We will now look at a very different volcanic eruption.

8. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Fimmvorduhals_2010_03_27_dawn.jpg

9. http://d-maps.com/carte.php?lib=europe_map&num_car=2233&lang=en Volcano location

10. http://news.bbc.co.uk/weather/hi/about/newsid _8625000/8625035.stm

11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fimmvorduhals_second_fissure_2010_04_02.JPG Iceland is located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The North-American and Eurasian plates move apart- called constructive plates. This causes magma to rise to the surface and form volcanoes. The latest eruption occurred under a glacier. The water cooled the lava quickly resulting in glass particles entering the plume.

12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ash_plume_from_Eyjafjallajokull_Volcano_over_the_North_Atlantic,_April_15,_2010_-_A2010105.1330.250m.jpg

14. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turbofan3_Unlabelled.gif The particles erode the fans of the engines. The aircraft is likely to be hit by lava. Ash blocks the ventilation system, causing the engines to overheat and shut down. Ash can add significant weight to the aircraft and change its balance. Glass in the plume melts and coats the internal parts of the engine. The particles can sandblast the windscreen making it difficult to land. Gases from the volcano could cause the pilots to pass out. Ash can cause damage to instruments that measure pressure and airspeed. Pilots are unable to navigate due to the poor visibility.

15. http://d-maps.com/carte.php?lib=europe_map&num_car=2233&lang=en As correct 17 th April 2010. United Kingdom Austria Belgium Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Luxembourg

16. http://d-maps.com/carte.php?lib=europe_map&num_car=2233&lang=en As correct 17 th April 2010. Moldova Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Serbia Bosnia Montenegro Sweden Switzerland Ukraine

18. An importer of fruit. No flights No fruit can be imported. Fruit is left to rot. Importer loses money. Fruit shortage and price rises? Standard Grade student on holiday A teacher on holiday A self-employed builder Produce a similar diagram for one of these individuals.

19. Owner of a small airline company. Flights cancelled Customers want their money back Customers on holiday need compensation Costs may be too high and company forced to close.

20. This will mean loss of holidays for many but also loss of jobs for hundreds of people. Owner of the airline company will lose source of income. As you can see this volcanic eruption may not have been as destructive as the Mt St Helens eruption but it cause a lot of problems and cost a lot of money.

21. What about the people of Iceland? http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/icelandic- volcano-eruptions-and-disruptions/10728.htm l 1)In what ways was life disrupted for the people of Iceland? 2)How do you pronounce the name of the volcano?

23.  Talk to the person beside you and write down 3 benefits of volcanoes and 3 hazards of volcanoes.

24.  Lava and ash weather rapidly. Lava produces fertile soils for farming e.g the area around My Etna in Italy.  Igneous rock contains minerals such as gold, copper, lead and silver.  Igneous rock is hard and is good for building with. Many buildings in Aberdeen are built from granite and it is known as the “granite city”  Extinct volcanoes can be good defensive sites for settlements. An example is Edinburgh Castle.  Geothermal power can be developed e.g. Iceland.  Geysers and volcanoes can be tourist attractions.

25.  Violent eruptions with blast waves and gas emission may destroy life and property.  Mud flows caused by melting snow can be devastating.  Tidal waves/tsunamis can follow a volcanic eruption.  Ash and lava destroy crops and livestock.  Communications can be interrupted by a volcanic eruption.  Short-term climatic change can occur. Volcanic dust absorbs solar radiation lowering temperature and increasing rainfall.