1. CHAPTER 21 Section 1:Threats to World Peace Objectives: Analyze why Japan and Italy were able to carry out aggressive territorial policies in the 1930s. Explain why the League of Nations was ineffective in stopping international aggression. Describe how the Spanish Civil War led to a fascist dictatorship. World War II

2. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Document Snapshot: “All Captives Slain”

3. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace After WWI, the role of the League of Nations as an international peacekeeper was challenged. First meeting of the League assembly in 1920

4. Visual Sources Threats to World Peace 'My offensive equipment being practically nil, it remains for me to fascinate him with the power of my eye.'" Punch July 28th, 1920

5. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Kellogg-Briand Pact 1929 Agreement that made war “illegal” Signed by 60 nations

6. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Japanese military begins gaining power in late 1920s. Political chaos followed the assassination of the liberal minister Osachi Hamaguchi. Within two years, a group of military leaders took control.

7. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace On the evening of September 18, 1931, an explosion occurred on the railroad north of Mukden. The railroad was owned and operated by the Japanese government and its tracks were patrolled by Japanese soldiers. Military leaders immediately blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and began an occupation of the area.

8. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace

9. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace By 1939 the Japanese controlled about one fourth of China, including ALL seaports.

10. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Italy’s Conquest of Ethiopia Mussolini believed that Italy HAD to expand to ease economic pressures. Ethiopia – one of the few Independent countries in Africa – became his target. When a border dispute broke out in 1934, Ethiopia called on the League of Nations to help.

11. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace The League could not offer military protection to Ethiopia …. Because it had NO armed forces. A year later Italian forces invaded and defeated the poorly equipped Ethiopian army. The League declared Italy an aggressor and placed economic sanctions on Italy. The weak boycott on trade had little effect – in the spring of 1936 Mussolini announced Ethiopia was part of the Italian Empire.

12. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Civil War in Spain Nobility and large landowners The Catholic Church military peasants workers WAR!

13. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace The Falange army landowners Church Used terrorism to preserve the power of … Fascist political party

14. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace International Brigades military units made up of volunteers from different countries, who traveled to Spain to fight for the Second Spanish Republic (communists) Great Britain, France and the United States would not officially get involved.

15. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Francisco Franco Set up a fascist dictatorship Had unlimited power Ended all free elections & most civil rights Old ruling groups – army, landowners, Church - all held the positions of power

16. Word Bank Threats to World Peace

17. Word Bank Threats to World Peace Ready? QUIZ! Military dictatorship Falange Manchuria International Brigades illegal Military Fascist Economic sanctions Ethiopia Loyalists Read pp 594-598 and take notes for next class!

18. Word Bank Threats to World Peace Ready? QUIZ! Military dictatorship Falange Manchuria International Brigades illegal Military Fascist Economic sanctions Ethiopia Loyalists