2. WHAT ARE ACIDS AND BASES? The Highlights

3. Properties of Weak Acids zWeak acids give foods a sour, sharp flavor. zCitrus fruits, vinegar, milk, soda water, apples, and spinach are a few examples.

4. Properties of Strong Acids zSzStrong acids burn your skin and are poisonous. zEzExamples: Hydrochloric Acid, Sulfuric Acid, Nitric Acid.

5. Chemical Properties zAcids react with many metals, giving off hydrogen gas. zAll acids contain hydrogen ions (H + ); a hydrogen with a positive charge. zThe more hydrogen ions, the stronger the acid.

6. Properties of Bases zBases are bitter, slippery compounds. zExamples: Drain cleaner, Baking soda, Milk of Magnesia, Soap, Household cleaners

7. Properties of Strong Bases zStrong bases are poisonous, and can cause serious burns. zLye (sodium hydroxide) is strong enough to dissolve animal bones but is used with fat to make soap.

8. Chemical Properties zBases have a hydroxide ion (OH - ); a bonded hydrogen and oxygen molecule. zThe ion has an overall negative charge.

9. Acids, Bases and Litmus paper zLitmus paper is used to identify acids and bases. zUniversal litmus paper turns red when dipped into an acid. zUniversal litmus paper turns blue in a base.

10. The pH Scale zThe pH scale was designed to describe the strength of acids and bases. zThe scale ranges from 0 to 14 z0 is the strongest acid, 14 is the strongest base, 7 is neutral.

11. More on pH zAcids range from 0 to 6.9 on the pH scale zBases range from 7.1 to 14 on the pH scale z7 is neutral on the pH scale

12. Practice zA substance has a pH of 8. zBase zA substance has a pH of 7. zNeutral zA substance has a pH of 2. zAcid

13. Neutral z pH of 7 has equal numbers of hydrogen ions (H + ) and hydroxide ions (OH - ) z H + + OH - = HOH = H 2 O

14. Neutralization Reactions zWhen an acid reacts with a base, the products that are formed are salt and water. zThe salt has neither acid nor base properties and it is an ionic compound.

15. zP.206 #1, 2, 3 zP.213 #1-8, 11, 14, 18