1. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style CLICKER QUESTIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Osmoregulation and Excretion Chapter 44 Questions prepared by Ruth Buskirk University of Texas at Austin John Lepri University of North Carolina, Greensboro

2. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The fluid with the highest osmolarity is a) plasma in birds. b) seawater in a tidal pool. c) estuarine water. d) distilled water. e) plasma in mammals.

3. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. a) uric acid b) ammonia c) urea d) ammonium ions Which nitrogenous waste has the greatest number of nitrogen atoms?

4. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. An aquatic animal with an internal solute concentration of 500 mOsm/L is placed in a fluid with solute concentration of about 700 mOsm/L. To osmoregulate and survive, the animal must a)pump in salts to change its tissues to 700 mOsm/L. b)pump in salts to keep tissues at 600 mOsm/L. c)pump out salts to keep tissues at 500 mOsm/L. d)pump out salts to change its tissues to 900 mOsm/L.

5. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Osmoregulatory mechanisms of freshwater fish include a)salt uptake in gills and salt excretion in urine. b)salt uptake in gills and water excretion in urine. c)salt uptake in gills and osmotic water loss in gills. d)salt excretion in both gills and urine. e)salt excretion in gills and water excretion in urine.

6. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Adaptations of desert animals do not likely include a)shells, scales, and thick skin. b)a nocturnal activity pattern. c)conservation of metabolic water. d)nitrogenous waste excreted as ammonia. e)the production of concentrated urine.

7. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The counter current multiplier system in the nephrons of mammalian kidneys allows the development of a concentration gradient of salt and urea in the medullary fluid that is a)low enough so that all urine is hyposmotic. b)high enough to develop hyperosmotic urine. c)capable of transporting water directly into the blood. d)an exact match to the osmolarity of saliva.

8. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The marine iguanas on the Galápagos Islands feed on saltwater algae and marine plants, so you would expect that they a)typically excrete dilute, hyposmotic urine. b)maintain their blood at the osmolarity of seawater. c)have special adaptations to excrete salt. d)have kidneys that are poorly adapted for water conservation.

9. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The primary nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals is a)urea, which is less toxic than ammonia. b)uric acid, which is more soluble in water than ammonia. c)ammonia, produced mainly in cells of the kidneys. d)uric acid, which requires less energy to produce than ammonia.

10. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The “filtration step” is not present in the movement of body fluids into the tubules of a)bird nephrons. b)earthworm metanephridia. c)mammalian nephrons. d)reptilian nephrons.

11. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The “blood diet” of vampire bats requires the urinary excretion of a)dilute urine immediately after drinking blood and then excretion of concentrated urine after digesting the abundant proteins in the blood. b)many more sodium ions than are in the urine of other small predatory mammals. c)many fewer potassium ions than are in the urine of other small predatory mammals. d)many fewer bicarbonate ions and many more hydrogen ions than are in the urine of other small predatory mammals.

12. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The two-solute model explaining urine production in the nephron states that a)NaCl moves out of the nephron and into the interstitial fluid in the descending loop of Henle. b)the fluid entering the distal convoluted tubule is more concentrated in NaCl than is the fluid entering the proximal convoluted tubule. c)the transport epithelium in the ascending loop of Henle is relatively impermeable to water. d)all urea movements along the nephron are from the interstitial fluid into tubule fluid. e)the ratio of NaCl to urea in interstitial fluid is about the same all along the length of the nephron.

13. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. A decrease in the volume of urine excreted would be expected following a)an increase in blood pressure. b)an increase in the glomerular filtration rate. c)an increase in aquaporin channels in collecting duct. d)a decrease in blood osmolarity. e)a decrease in sodium reabsorption in collecting duct.