1. Organic Compounds

2. OBJ: Define an Organic Compound

3. What does Organic Mean? Organic Chemistry- The study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. Carbon can bond with many elements, including itself. The most versatile element

4. OBJ: Compare and contrast the structure and formation of monomers and polymers

5. Macromolecules “Giant Molecules” Made from smaller molecules Polymerization: process in which large molecules are built together by joining smaller ones together

6. Monomers Polymers Large molecules Smaller units Could be similar or different

7. Monomers Polymers Polymers can be created by a process called dehydration synthesis Polymers can be broken up into monomers by a process called hydrolysis

8. Composite Compound When monomer that make up a polymer have multiple parts

9. OBJ: Compare and Contrast the structures and roles of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids in the functioning of a cell

10. Carbohydrates (Sugar) Compounds Made up of: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Atoms

11. Structure of Carbohydrates Carbohydrate(Sugar) Monomer molecules are called monosaccharides o Example: glucose, fructose Carbohydrate (Sugar) “Pair” molecules are called disaccharides o Example: sucrose, lactose Carbohydrate(Sugar) Polymer (molecule chains) are called polysaccharides o Example: starch (plants), glycogen (animals)

12. Structure of Carbohydrates Carbohydrate(Sugar) Monomer molecules are called monosaccharides o Example: glucose, fructose Carbohydrate (Sugar) “Pair” molecules are called disaccharides o Example: sucrose, lactose Carbohydrate(Sugar) Polymer (molecule chains) are called polysaccharides o Example: starch (plants), glycogen (animals) Dehydration synthesis: http://vimeo.com/4419365http://vimeo.com/4419365

13. Structure of Carbohydrates Carbohydrate(Sugar) Monomer molecules are called monosaccharides o Example: glucose, fructose Carbohydrate (Sugar) “Pair” molecules are called disaccharides o Example: sucrose, lactose Carbohydrate(Sugar) Polymer (molecule chains) are called polysaccharides o Example: starch (plants), glycogen (animals)

14. Structure of Carbohydrates Carbohydrate(Sugar) Monomer molecules are called monosaccharides o Example: glucose, fructose Carbohydrate (Sugar) “Pair” molecules are called disaccharides o Example: sucrose, lactose Carbohydrate(Sugar) Polymer (molecule chains) are called polysaccharides o Example: starch (plants), glycogen (animals)

16. Roles of Carbohydrates Main energy source Plants and some animals use carbohydrates a structural support o Cellulose- cell walls of plant cells Store excess sugar

17. Artificial Carbohydrates Sweeteners: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A- hUyw2lciohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A- hUyw2lcio White Breads: http://youtu.be/JqUR0I68Hw4http://youtu.be/JqUR0I68Hw4

19. Testing for the Presence of Carbohydrates Part A: Testing for simple sugar (monosaccharide's) o Benedicts Solution and heat Positive: yellow-Orange Negative: no color change Part B: Testing for complex sugar (polysaccharide) o Iodine Positive: Blue-Black Negative: no color change

20. Lipids (Fats) Compounds Made up mostly of: Carbon, Hydrogen. Few Oxygen.

21. Structure of Lipids Compound o 3 Fatty Acid o 1 Glycerol

23. Lipids Saturated FatsUnsaturated Fats Fatty acid chain is saturated with hydrogen atoms Solid at room temperature (i.e. butter) Fatty acid chain is composed of carbon molecules not completely surrounded by hydrogen molecules o Carbons are double bonded together Liquid at room temperature (I.e. olive oil)

24. Lipids Saturated FatsUnsaturated Fats

26. Unsaturated Lipids MonounsaturatedPolyunsaturated 1 double bond between carbons o Example: Olive oil More than 1 double bond between carbons o Example: Nuts

27. Trans Fats? Chemically altered by adding hydrogen's to unsaturated fats- lengthens self-life Partially hydrogenated oils

29. Roles of Lipids Generally not soluble in water- hydrophobic Fats, Oils, Waxes and Steroids (chemical messenger) Store energy Part of protective membranes / waterproof coverings

31. Proteins Made up mostly of: Nitrogen Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen.

32. Structure of Proteins Protein Monomer molecules are called amino acids o Amino acids- compounds with an amino group (-H 2 N) and a carboxyl group (-COOH)

33. Structure of Proteins Protein Polymer (molecule chains) are called polypeptides o Linked together by a peptide bond

34. Structure of Proteins Proteins (polypeptides) can have up to 4 levels of organization o Level 1: protein chain o Level 2: amino acids within a chain can be twisted or folded o Level 3: the chain itself is folded o Level 4: consists of more then 1 amino acid chain

35. How Proteins are made? The instructions for arranging amino acids into different proteins is found in the DNA. Our cells assemble amino acids together to form proteins at our cell’s ribosomes!

36. Roles of Proteins Regulate reactions and cell processes (enzymes) Used to form bone and muscle o Why people who work out need protein Transport substance into and out of the cell

37. Types of Proteins StructuralContractile TransportStorage

39. Nucleic Acids Made up mostly of: Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus.

40. Structure of Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acid Monomer molecules are called nucleotides o Compound consists of three parts: 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, nitrogenous base

41. Structure of Nucleic Acids Protein Polymer (molecule chains) are called polynucleotide (Nucleic Acid)

42. Roles of Nucleic Acids Store and transmit heredity, or genetic information o DNA (de-oxyribose is the sugar) o RNA (ribose is the sugar)

43. 43Macromolecules

44. 44Macromolecules

45. Formal Lab Write Up

46. Unknown Organic Substance 1. Make a prediction which organic substance is in the unknown sample. 2. Design the test for that organic molecule on the unknown substance. 3. Perform the each test until you have positively identified the unknown substance. 4. Write up your lab report.

47. Lab Report Title- Unknown Organic Substance Introduction- Purpose/Hypothesis- Prediction Materials- The difference substances you have used Procedures- Your plan Data/Results- What the tests showed(positive/negative) Discussion- What the results of the tests mean Conclusion- Was your hypothesis correct or not?