1. WHII: SOL 9d,e Imperialism in Asia

2. Japan Japan had practiced isolationism for 200 years 1853-Mathew Perry arrives representing the U.S., to push Japan to open its doors to trade with U.S. Treaty of Kanagawa-shogun agrees to open two of Japans ports to U.S. ships, but not for trade U.S eventually gains trading rights and extraterritoriality- Americans did not have to follow Japanese laws, but rather American laws in Japan

3. Meiji Meiji Restoration-Japan seeks to reform, overthrows the shogun and puts the “emperor” on the throne -strong, central government -modern military -industrialization (zaibatsu –powerful banking and industrial families) -homogenous society (strong sense of identity) -Korea is focus of competition between Russia, China, and Japan

4. Japan 1894- 1 st Sino-Japanese War (Japan wins) 1896-Russo-Japanese War (Japans wins) Japan begins to compete with Europe to establish an empire in East Asia

5. China Before the 1800’s China dominated trade with Europe The had a trade surplus- they exported (sold) more than they imported (bought) Opium War-GB began selling opium in China; many Chinese became addicted, used large amounts of silver to pay for the opium, disrupting the economy in China China outlawed opium, killed drug lords, called on GB to stop selling opium, GB refused China attacked GB trade ships in 1839, Chinese were easily defeated

6. Treaty of Nanjing, China had to pay GB for losses during the war, open 5 ports to trade and allow GB citizens extraterritoriality (live under GB laws and be tried in GB courts) Taiping Rebellion-peasant rebellion against the Qing dynasty, dynasty crushed the rebellion but 20-30 million Chinese died, severely weakened Qing dynasty 1860’s China tries to reform and modernize, too little, too late

7. Open Door Policy Spheres of Influence- economic areas where one nation has absolute trading and investment rights (in an area of China) Open Door Policy-1899 U.S. called for all nations to trade on an equal basis in China CHINA WAS NOT CONSULTED ON THIS POLICY

8. Boxer Rebellion 1899 Boxer Rebellion organized to oust the Europeans from China Led by the Righteous Fists of Harmony (martial arts) called Boxers by Europeans Boxers attacked foreigners across China; in response Europe organized a multi-national force to crush the Boxers

9. Toward Communism Early 1900’s saw the decline of the Qing dynasty and China began to create a republic. Sun Yixian led the Revolutionary Alliance based on his “Three Principles of the People” 1911- Sun Yixian was named president of the new Chinese Republic The republic faced many problems and left China open to many different ideologies to take root