1. SLRD Compost Feasibility Study

2. Presentation Outline Background on SLRD Existing organics waste management Study focus Study findings Conclusion

3. Background on SLRD Over 16,000 km Four electoral areas Four member municipalities Estimated population of 54,500 Projection of 68,000 by 2031. 2

4. Existing Organics Waste Management District of Squamish o Curbside yard waste collection o Squamish Landfill – accepts leaf and yard waste, food scraps o Squamish Recycling Centre – accepts food scraps o Squamish Depots – accept leaf and yard waste

5. Existing Organics Waste Management Regional Municipality of Whistler o Whistler Composting Facility – accepts processed biosolids, food scraps and wood fibre o Whistler Transfer Station – accepts leaf and yard waste o Whistler Depots – accept food scraps o Private commercial food scrap collection

6. Existing Organics Waste Management District of Lillooet o Lillooet Landfill - accepts all leaf and yard waste from the northern region Village of Pemberton o Sea-to-Sky Soils – in the process of being established at the time of the study

7. Study Focus 1.Estimation of organic materials 2.Collection and transportation costs of organic waste 3.Composting organic waste 4.Organics collection and processing design/model options

8. Completion of targeted waste audits Included waste from each of the four electoral Areas: o Residential (curbside and drop-off depots) o Commercial loads Results: o Represented 46% of residential waste o Represented 42% of commercial waste Calculation of estimated organic materials o Used 2011 tonnage data to estimate organic materials from all of the regions Estimation of Organic Materials: Food Scraps

9. Leaf and Yard Waste: o Used the data from: Waste audits Annual tonnage disposal information Biosolids o Assumed that WCF continue to process biosolids o Assumed that if proposed optimization measure for WCF would be implemented a quantity of the biosolids would be partially replaced by unprocessed quantity of food waste Estimation of Organic Materials: Leaf and Yard Waste and Biosolids

10. Squamish AreaWhistler AreaLillooet Area Estimated Total Estimated Recoverable Estimated Total Estimated Recoverable Estimated Total Estimated Recoverable tonnes% % % Leaf & Yard 77070540907065380100380 Food & Non-Food 6100503050634050359020050100 Biosolids285**100285 100285200100200 Total715654% 3875671559% 3940770 88%680 Estimation of Recoverable Material Quantities

11. Collection and Transportation Collection Costs o Collection in Squamish for $130.29/tonne Transportation Costs o Factored location, travel time, average speed o Estimated transportation cost per tonne Estimated Transportation Cost Per Tonne To Squamish Landfill To Whistler/ Pemberton Area Lillooet$69$55 Squamish$7$20 Whistler$19$16

12. Composting Organic Waste Basic groups: Evolution from leaf & yard waste to food waste Food Waste Leaf and Yard Waste Biosolids

13. Composting Organic Waste 3 essential elements of composting o Feedstock o Air o Water Common challenges in controlling them (regardless of size, location) O 2 CO 2

14. Composting Organic Waste Composting challenges in rural regions: o Sources of organics widely distributed o Lower tax base o Lack of feedstock balance o Vector control

15. Composting Organic Waste Favourable features of rural regions: o Higher supply of browns? o Lower concentration of “Receptors” o More tolerant communities? o More available space, wait it out

16. Composting Organic Waste The essentials of rural composting: o Keep it simple o Browns in excess o Moisture control

17. Collection and Processing Design/Model Options

19. Whistler Operations

20. Whistler Tonnages & Recipe Feedstock 2009 Tonnage 2010 Tonnage 2011 Tonnage (CRA, 2012) Processed Food Waste 125213711082 Processed Biosolids 374635213658 Wood Fibre Used 538575538268 Total Processed 103831244513008

21. Whistler Process Performance

22. Design/Model Options LillooetWhistlerSquamishCentralized Facility Feedstock (t/yr)150365535907727 Total Feedstock (t/yr)2257178610413,482 Annualized Capital Cost (k$) 46460419710 Annual Operating Costs (k$) 47498482842 $/tonne39611313198

23. Conclusions Composting SSO in rural locations is technically feasible but economically challenging Composting SSO in rural locations may compete economically with alternative disposal practices only if full-cost accounting of the alternatives is considered Composting SSO in rural locations must be simple, and be incorporated as much as possible into existing operations to be cost-effective One size won’t fit all

24. Contact Information Alida Kusch, Environmental Scientist Dillon Consulting Limited Akusch@dillon.ca Paul Arnold, P.Eng. Bio-Logic Environmental Systems bio-logic@ns.sympatico.ca