1. VCE UNIT 3 BIOLOGY Headstart Lecture Presented by: THUSHAN HETTIGE

2. COURSE STRUCTURE AREA OF STUDY 1 – Molecules of Life – Biomolecules – Cells – Energy and Cellular Respiration – Photosynthesis AREA OF STUDY 2 – Detecting and Responding – Coordination and Regulation – Pathogens and Immunity

3. ASSESSMENT Unit 3 SACs (20%) – 3 SACs throughout Semester 1 Unit 4 SACs (20%) – 3 SACs throughout Semester 2 End of year examination (60%) – 2.5 hours

4. MOLECULES OF LIFE Area of Study 1

5. MOLECULES OF LIFE – 1. BIOMOLECULES Area of Study 1

6. Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry Basic understanding of chemistry concepts needed.

7. Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry 1. Molecules and Bonding

8. Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry 1. Molecules and Bonding

9. Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry 2. Monomers and Polymers MONOMER = SINGLE UNIT POLYMER = MANY REPEATING SUBUNITS

10. Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry 2. Monomers and Polymers

11. Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry 2. Monomers and Polymers

12. Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry 3. Solubility Soluble in WATERSoluble in LIPID HYDROPHILICHYDROPHOBIC LIPOPHOBICLIPOPHILIC Remember, oil and water do not mix.

13. Biomolecules Carbohydrates CARBOHYDRATES

14. Biomolecules Carbohydrates CARBO----HYDRATES (CARBON)----(WATER) (C)----(H 2 O) Significant C, H and O atoms.

15. Biomolecules Carbohydrates MONOSACCHARIDE

16. Biomolecules Carbohydrates

17. GLYCOSIDIC (ETHER) DISACCHARIDE

18. Biomolecules Carbohydrates POLYSACCHARIDE

19. Biomolecules Carbohydrates 1. Monosaccharides GLUCOSE source of energy FRUCTOSE found in fruits GALACTOSE

20. Biomolecules Carbohydrates 2. Disaccharides SUCROSE glucose + fructose plant transport of sugars MALTOSE glucose + glucose LACTOSE glucose + galactose milk sugar

21. Biomolecules Carbohydrates 3. Polysaccharides STARCH energy storage for plants GLYCOGEN energy storage for animals CELLULOSE structural component of plant cell wall

22. Biomolecules Lipids LIPIDS FATS and OILS WAXES STEROIDS Insoluble in water.

23. Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils

24. Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils glycerol fatty acids

25. Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils triglyceride triacylglycerol

26. Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils

27. Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils

28. Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils monounsaturated

29. Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils monounsaturated

30. Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils polyunsaturated

31. Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils FUNCTIONS

32. Biomolecules Lipids 2. Waxes

33. Biomolecules Lipids 3. Steroids

34. Biomolecules Lipids 4. Phospholipids

35. Biomolecules Proteins PROTEINS

36. Biomolecules Proteins amino acid

37. Biomolecules Proteins

38. Structure of Protein FOUR levels of structure… Structures within structures.

39. Biomolecules Proteins primary structure

40. Biomolecules Proteins secondary structure alpha-helix beta-pleated sheet

41. Biomolecules Proteins tertiary structure

42. Biomolecules Proteins quaternary structure

43. Biomolecules Nucleic Acids NUCLEIC ACIDS

44. Biomolecules Nucleic Acids DNARNA mRNAtRNArRNA

45. Biomolecules Nucleic Acids MONOMER…

46. Biomolecules Nucleic Acids MONOMER…

47. Biomolecules Nucleic Acids DNA nucleotideRNA nucleotide

48. Biomolecules Nucleic Acids

50. Hydrogen bonds hold the strands together… RNA bases adenine (A) uracil (U) cytosine (C) guanine (G) DNA bases adenine (A) thymine (T) cytosine (C) guanine (G)

51. Biomolecules Nucleic Acids adenine guanine PURINES

52. Biomolecules Nucleic Acids thymine uracil PYRIMIDINES cytosine

53. Biomolecules Nucleic Acids Hydrogen bonding occurs between… RNA bases adenine (A) and uracil (U) cytosine (C) and guanine (G) DNA bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) cytosine (C) and guanine (G)