1. SUMMER PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES Water Safety Fireworks Burns Bob Ledoux, BSN,RN,CEN

2. OBJECTIVES :  Water safety statistics  List and identify age specific dangers  Pediatric water safety prevention

3. WATER SAFETY

4. WATER SAFETY STATISTICS  Drowning : Ages 1-4  76% of reported fatalities involved children younger than 5 years of age.  Unintentional drowning related incidents  Parents are present

5. WATER SAFETY STATISTICS  Location  Children under one year of age

6. WATER SAFETY AGE SPECIFIC DANGERS

7. INFANTS AND TODDLERS  The greatest risk for infants and toddlers exist around the home  Infants can drown in less than 2 inches of water  Empty sinks and buckets  Never leave a toddler unattended with access to a pool, hot tub, pond, or fountain

8. ADOLESCENTS

9.  80% of drowning victims are male  The majority of drownings occur in swimming pools  Factors in adolescent drownings  Reduced parental supervision often result in accidental drownings

10. OUTDOOR WATER SAFETY  Swimming pools  Fountains  Lakes and ponds  Beaches  Creeks

11. WATER SAFETY PREVENTION  Install a four sided pool fence that completely separates the pool area from the house and yard. The fence should be at least 4 feet high. Use self closing and self latching gates that open outward with latches that are out of reach of children. Consider automatic door locks and alarms to prevent access or alert you if someone enters the pool area.

12. WATER SAFETY PREVENTION  Designate a responsible adult to watch young children while in the bath and all children swimming or playing in or around water.

13. WATER SAFETY PREVENTION  Be within arms reach of a child at all times. Remember drowning occurs quickly and quietly.

14. WATER SAFETY PREVENTION  Formal swimming lessons can protect young children from drowning.

15. WATER SAFETY PREVENTION  Learn CPR  Solar/floating pool covers are not safety devices  Keep a phone at poolside  Do not use flotation devices as a substitute for supervision  Invest in proper fitting flotation devices

16. WATER SAFETY PREVENTION  Rivers, lakes, and ponds pose other dangers  Watch for weeds and grass that could entangle a leg or arm  Never swim alone  Never dive head first into an unknown area or depth.  Warn children the dangers of walking on or near ice covered water

17. WATER SAFETY PREVENTION  At the beach, teach children to always swim when and where a lifeguard is on duty  The ocean has special dangers  Don’t allow children to swim in large waves or undertows  Teach children not to panic  Always keep an eye on children

18. PEDIATRIC FIREWORKS SAFETY

19. OBJECTIVES :  Review of injuries  Prevention tips

20. PEDIATRIC FIREWORKS SAFETY  In 2011, 9,600 fireworks-related injuries were treated in U.S. hospital emergency rooms  26% of the victims of fireworks injuries in 2011 were under age 15  Males accounted for two thirds(68%) of fireworks injuries

21. PEDIATRIC FIREWORKS SAFETY  The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission conducted a study of fireworks injuries from June 17 to July 17, 2011  200 people on average went to the emergency room every day with fireworks-related injuries in the month around the July 4 th holiday.

22. PEDIATRIC FIREWORKS SAFETY  Most injured body parts (average)  Hands and fingers46%  Eyes17%  Head, face, and ears17%  Legs11%  Trunk 5%  Arms 4%

23. PEDIATRIC FIREWORKS SAFETY  Over half of the injuries were burns.  Sparklers caused the majority of injuries.  Water boils at 212° F  Cakes bake at 350° F  Wood burns at 575° F  Glass melts at 900° F  Sparklers burn at

24. PEDIATRIC FIREWORKS SAFETY  Over half of the injuries were burns.  Sparklers caused the majority of injuries.  Water boils at 212° F  Cakes bake at 350° F  Wood burns at 575° F  Glass melts at 900° F  Sparklers burn at 1200° F

25. PEDIATRIC FIREWORKS SAFETY INJURY PREVENTION  Never allow children to play with or ignite fireworks.  Never try to re-light or pick up fireworks that have not ignited fully.  Light fireworks one at a time, then move back quickly.  Keep bystanders at a distance and allow no horseplay.

26. PEDIATRIC FIREWORKS SAFETY INJURY PREVENTION  Leave the firework displays to the professionals!

27. PEDIATRIC BURN REVIEW

28. OBJECTIVES :  Causes of burns  Degree of burns  Prevention of burns

29. PEDIATRIC BURNS  334 children ages 19 and under died from fires or burns in 2013  44% of children who died from fires and burns were ages 4 and under  Many burns occur and are not treated or seen in emergency rooms, majority are sunburns

30. PEDIATRIC BURNS  Younger children – scald burns  Older children – direct flame burns  During warmer weather; grills, fire pits, and campfires increase the risk for direct contact burns.  Sunburn is still the leading cause of burns in children.

31. PEDIATRIC BURNS TYPES OF BURNS  First degree burn  Most common and least serious burn  Caused by over exposure to the sun or brief contact with heat   Flush the area with cool running water  Treat with acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain  May use aloe and watch for signs of infection

32. PEDIATRIC BURNS  Second degree burn  Affect deeper layers of the skin and have a higher risk of infection  More painful than first degree burns  Skin becomes bright red with blotchy areas and blisters  Do not use water on the burn, cover with a clean, dry bandage  Treat with antibiotics and tetanus booster

33. PEDIATRIC BURNS  Third degree burn  Penetrate all layers of skin  Caused by direct flames, immersion in hot water, hot objects, or electricity  Burn area may have little pain, painful surrounding areas  Need transported immediately to the emergency room  Observe for signs of shock  Wrap the victim in a clean sheet to conserve body heat

34. PEDIATRIC BURN PREVENTION  Education  Have an escape plan and involve children in the planning  Never leave food or boiling water unattended  Set your water heater to 120° F or lower  Teach children not to hide from smoke or fire  Teach children to stop, drop, and roll if their clothing catches fire

35. PEDIATRIC BURN PREVENTION  Don’t allow children to play or run around grills and fire pits  Check car seats for hot straps or buckles  Lock and prevent access to matches and lighters  Cover unused electrical outlets

36. SUMMER PEDIATRIC INJURIES  Children will always find ways to get injured. Our goal as parents is to educate them as best we can, provide them with the necessary safety equipment, and hope for the best.

37. REFERENCES Unintentional Drowning: Get the Facts." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 24 Oct. 2014. WebWater Safety." KidsHealth. Ed. Yamini Durani. The Nemours Foundation, 01 June 2014. Web. 28 June 2015.. 28 June 2015. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 12 Apr. 2012. Web. 28 May 2015 Swimming Safety Tips." Safe Kids Worldwide RSS. N.p., Feb. 2015. Web. 28 June 2015. Resource, Infant Swimming. NATIONAL DROWNING STATISTICS (n.d.): n. pag. Web. Hall, John R., Jr. "Fireworks." Fireworks. N.p., June 2013. Web. 28 June 2015.

38. REFERENCES Fireworks Information Center." U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. N.p., July 2012. Web. 28 June 2015. Love, Protect The Ones You. BURNS (n.d.): n. pag. Web. 27 June 2015. Burns." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. Ed. Mary Mondozzi. The Nemours Foundation, 01 Jan. 2012. Web. 14 June 2015. Burns Safety: The Reality." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 12 Apr. 2012. Web. 05 June 2015.

39. QUESTIONS