1. Post-WW II Choice Regional Power vs. Global Power Choice: Global (1947-1952)

2. Explaining the Cold War 1. Realism Power = Rivalry Power = Rivalry the problem is Soviet power the problem is Soviet power The strategy is balancing against Soviet power The strategy is balancing against Soviet power Example: Relations with China Example: Relations with China

3. Explaining the Cold War 2. Idealism the problem is Communist values the problem is Communist values Anti-democratic Anti-democratic Anti-free trade Anti-free trade Human rights violations Human rights violations Expansionist dictators Expansionist dictators

4. Marxism, Communism Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Karl Marx Karl Marx The Communist Manifesto 1848 The Communist Manifesto 1848 The Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto Basics: Capitalism is exploitation Rich exploit poor Government enforces exploitation Worker’s revolution Communism phase begins: End private property; create collective ownership End private property; create collective ownership

5. Communism in Power Soviet Union 1917 –20 million deaths in 1950s LeninStalin LeninStalin

6. Communism in Power People’s Republic of China 1949 –Estimates from 50-100 million (1949-76) –Mao Zedong

7. Explaining the Cold War 3. Constructivist Explanation Incompatible identities Incompatible identities US need to spread democracy and free markets US need to spread democracy and free markets –Can’t accept closed economies and dictatorships Russian insecurity Russian insecurity –Expanding to create buffer states

8. Explaining the Cold War 4. US economic imperialism (Soviet and left of center argument) –US search for cheap labor and cheap resources But, analysis cannot ignore Soviet side of the equation But, analysis cannot ignore Soviet side of the equation

9. US Cold War Policies 1. Anti-Soviet/Anti-Communist 2. Free Markets 3. Spreading Democracy 4. Multilateralism 5. Regional Conflict 6. Deterrence and Forward Presence

10. 1. Anti-Soviet/Anti-Communism “Truman Doctrine” “Truman Doctrine” speech, March 1947 speech, March 1947speech, March 1947speech, March 1947 NSC-68 NSC-68 NSC-68 –(US rearmament plan, 1950) plan, 1950) Harry Truman Harry Truman

11. Division of Europe (By 1948)

12. Bipolarity The Cold War Balance of Power IsraelSyria/Egypt EthiopiaSomalia TaiwanChina S. KoreaN. Korea S. Viet NamN. Viet Nam W. BerlinE. Berlin W. GermanyE. Germany Britain/France/JapanPoland/Czech USUSSR

13. Containment Kennan’s Long Telegram as published in Foreign Affairs, “The Sources of “The Sources of Soviet Conduct” Soviet Conduct” by “X”, 1947 George Kennan

14. 2. Free Markets Strong political economy strong stability through middle free markets class andfailure economic andof economic andof social mobilitycommunist social mobilitycommunistsubversion*peace *Still US belief that free markets will discourage radical ideologies (radical Islam in 21 st century) (radical Islam in 21 st century)

15. US Policies For Europe: “Marshall Plan” Speech, June 1947 “Marshall Plan” Speech, June 1947Speech, June 1947Speech, June 1947 Building Global Economic Order International Monetary Fund – IMF International Monetary Fund – IMFIMF General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – GATT (example of GATT Agreements) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – GATT (example of GATT Agreements)(example of GATT Agreements)(example of GATT Agreements) –World Trade Organization - WTO WTO World Bank World Bank World Bank World Bank

16. 3. Spreading Democracy The Good News Europe and Northeast Asia Latin America and Southeast Asia Freedom House Freedom House Freedom House Freedom House Map of free nations Map of free nations Map of free nations Map of free nations

17. The Bad News Non-democratic nations that were US allies or US-supported during some part of the cold war: Nicaragua, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Brazil, South Africa, Somalia, Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kenya, Zaire, South Korea, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan, Turkey, Thailand, Burma, Cuba

18. Worse News PM MossadeghPres. ArbenzPres. Allende Iran, 1953Guatemala, 1954 Chile, 1973

19. Strange News

20. 4. Multilateralism North Atlantic Treaty Organization - NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization - NATONATO Central Treaty Organization - CENTO Central Treaty Organization - CENTO Southeast Asia Treaty Organization- SEATO Southeast Asia Treaty Organization- SEATO SEATO Australia, New Zealand, US Pact – ANZUS Australia, New Zealand, US Pact – ANZUSANZUS United Nations United Nations United Nations United Nations In Europe NATO vs. Warsaw Pact In Europe NATO vs. Warsaw Pact –deployments deployments

21. 5. Regional Conflict

22. Regional Conflicts Israel vs. Syria/Egypt/PLO Ethiopia vs. Somalia (1970s) Taiwan vs. China (1949-present) S. Korea vs. N. Korea (1948-present) S. Viet Nam vs. N. Viet Nam (1956-1975) FNLA/UNITA vs. MPLA (Angola, 1970s-80s) Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador (1970s-80s) USUSSR

23. Rules of Regional Conflict 1. No direct US-Soviet conflict 1. No direct US-Soviet conflict 2. No escalation 2. No escalation

24. 6. Deterrence and Forward Presence From Great Powers to Superpowers! What would WW III look like? Underneath all the political and military action during Cold War… US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, The Effects of Nuclear War, 1979 The Effects of Nuclear War, The Effects of Nuclear War,

25. Hiroshima

26. Nagasaki

27. Atomic and Nuclear Weapons Nuclear

28. ICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

29. Trajectory of ICBMs

30. SLBM – Submarine-launched Ballistic Missile

31. Launch Tube Hatches on USS Alabama

32. Launch (artwork)

33. Strategic Bombers

34. Nuclear tests

35. Numbers of Nuclear Weapons

36. Info on Nuclear Weapons Federation of American Scientists Federation of American Scientists Federation of American Scientists Federation of American Scientists US Strategic Command US Strategic Command US Strategic Command US Strategic Command Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Natural Resources Defense Council Natural Resources Defense Council Natural Resources Defense Council Natural Resources Defense Council Nuclear Threat Initiative Nuclear Threat Initiative Nuclear Threat Initiative Nuclear Threat Initiative

37. Deterrence and Credibility Influencing the enemy’s decision making process Influencing the enemy’s decision making process

38. Why so many Weapons: Deterrence Soviet First Strike: Successful: USSR “wins” US Second strike US USSR

39. US Second Strike Capability Soviet First Strike US Second strike Scenario: Everyone Dies US USSR

40. Forward Presence US Military Bases World Wide 2007 US Military Bases World Wide 2007