1. Aim: How do Diseases of the Excretory System Disrupt Homeostasis? DO NOW 1.Describe the two main functions of the kidneys. 2.Why is it necessary for the body to regulate the chemical composition of the blood?

2. Kidney Stones Deposits of calcium bundle up in the nephrons of the kidneys Cause: heredity or diet Effect: Kidneys don’t function correctly  PAIN Treatment: medication, surgery &/or letting the stones “pass” through Symptoms: – Vomiting or nausea – Painful urination – Frequent urination – Fever or chills – Bloody or smelly urine – Sharp pain of the back or the side

3. Kidney Stones

4. Kidney Stone Animation http://visualhealthsolutions.com/index.php?p age=asset_detail&asset_id=vpl_0477_001 http://visualhealthsolutions.com/index.php?p age=asset_detail&asset_id=vpl_0477_001

5. Urinary Tract Infections (U.T.I.) Causes: bacteria invading urethra Bacteria can travel up the urethra to the bladder and even up to the kidneys to cause infection Possible Symptoms/Effects: – A burning feeling when you urinate – A frequent or intense urge to urinate, even though little comes out when you do – Pain or pressure in your back or lower abdomen – Cloudy, dark, bloody, or strange-smelling urine – Feeling tired or shaky – Fever or chills

6. Urinary Tract Infection Treatment: antibiotics, water http://actilean.healthinformatics.net/docs/en glish/aha/uti.anim.asp http://actilean.healthinformatics.net/docs/en glish/aha/uti.anim.asp

7. Kidney Dialysis Kidney problems can become permanent if not treated The dialysis machine helps the kidneys clean the blood & put more electrolytes into the blood Electrolytes are minerals in the blood & other body fluids that carry an electric charge

8. Kidney Dialysis Machine

10. Video https://careflash.com/blausen/health/kidney- dialysis https://careflash.com/blausen/health/kidney- dialysis

11. Kidney Transplants Surgical placement of a healthy kidney from another person into the patient’s body Limited supply Major complication could be rejection  medications given to patient reduce chances of rejection

13. Group Activity Question: If there was a blockage in one ureter, how would this affect the amount of urine entering the bladder?

14. Individual Activity Question: During a long-distance run on a hot day, an athlete produces large quantities of sweat. As a result, the kidneys change the rate of urine production. Why is this change important? 1.Decreased urine production increases the amino acids in the blood 2.Increased urine production removes amino acids produced as a result of running 3.Decreased urine production allows the body to conserve water 4.Increased urine production allows more water to remain in the bloodstream

15. Homework Read txt. pgs. 595-599 Handout with multiple choice questions (previous regents questions)