1. Overview Discussion of Library Assignment
Brief Anatomy and Physiology of Nervous System
Tissues of the Nervous System
Transmission of Nerve Impulses
Central Nervous System
Brain Area
Peripheral Nervous System
Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves
Autonomic Nervous System
Diseases
Procedures

2. Chapter Fourteen
Nervous System

3. Functions of the Nervous System
Control center for all body activities
Responds and adapts to changes that occur both inside and outside the body
(Ex: pain, temperature, pregnancy)

4. Tissues of the Nervous System
Two principal tissue types of the nervous system:
neurons (nerve cells)
the structural and functional units of the nervous system
specialized conductors of impulses
neuroglia (supporting tissues)

5. Figure 14.2 Two main types of nerve cells.

6. Central Nervous System
Neurons : microscopic nerve cells that make up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
- 30,000 neurons can fit on a pinhead

7. Anatomy of a Neuron Each neuron contains: - Cell body with nucleus
- Dendrites : fibers that receive messages from other neurons
- Axons : fibers that send messages to other neurons

8. Neurons do NOT touch; there is a gap between them called a synapse
Messages are sent across the synapses by special chemicals called neurotransmitters

9. Neuron Video Synapse Synaptic cleft Neurotransmitters
Listen for these words
Synapse
Synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitters

10. Cells of the Nervous System
Neurons (neur/o)
Dendrites (dendr/o)
Cell body
ganglion (gangli/o)
Axon
Myelin sheath
Synapse
Neurotransmitters - A chemical that is released from a nerve cell which thereby transmits an impulse from a nerve cell to another.

11. Tissues of the Nervous System
There are several types of neurons, three of which are:
Sensory neurons – afferent nerves convey towards the center, inflowing, conducting
Afferent - ad + ferre, to carry
Motor neurons – most are efferent carries away from synaptic ending to the muscle or organ to be innervated
Efferent - [L. efferens, fr. effero, to bring out]- to conduct out

12. Differences

13. Organization of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain (encephal/o) and spinal cord (myel/o)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
12 pairs Cranial nerves
31 pairs spinal nerves
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic – fight or flight
Parasympathetic – rest and digest

15. Central Nervous System: Brain
Cerebellum- maintenance of balance, posture, coordination of voluntary movement and motor learning and language
Diencephalon “Between Brain”
Thalamus – relay center for sensory impulses
Hypothalamus –regulator of ANS, controls some metabolic activities
Brainstem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

17. Central Nervous System: Brain
Cerebrum

18. Mind Mapping

19. Peripheral Nervous System
Nerves : visible bundles of axons and dendrites that extend from the brain and spinal cord to all other parts of the body

20. On old Olympus' towering top a Fin and German viewed some hops see page 483 for list
O: olfactory nerve (CN I)
O: optic nerve (CN II)
O: oculomotor nerve (CN III)
T: trochlear nerve (CN IV)
T: trigeminal nerve(CN V)
A: abducens nerve (CN VI)
F: facial nerve (CN VII)
A: auditory (or vestibulocochlear) nerve (CN VIII)
G: glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
V: vagus nerve (CN X)
S: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
H: hypoglossal (CN XII)

21. Vasovagal Syncope Vasovagal attack
The vasovagal response is a complex signaling of the brain that dilates the blood vessels in the legs,
slows the heart rate, and
very often causes fainting,
which is also called vasovagal syncope.

22. The Spinal Cord Spinal cord 31 Pairs of spinal nerves
8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves
12 Thoracic spinal nerves
5 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves
5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves
1 pair of coccygeal spinal nerves
Two roots
Dorsal/Sensory Root (afferent)
Ventral root (efferent)
Spinal cord

23. Prefixes and Suffixes an- hemi- mono- para- poly- quadri- -cele
-esthesia
-graphy
-gram
-ia
-lepsy
-lysis
-paresis
-plegia

24. Combining Forms cerebell/o mening/o cerebr/o myel/o crani/o narc/o
electr/o
encephal/o
esthesi/o
hemat/o
mening/o
myel/o
narc/o
neur/o
somn/o

25. Signs and Symptoms Amnesia Aphasia Ataxia Bradykinesia Cephalalgia
Dysphasia
Gait, abnormal
Neuralgia
Paresthesia
Seizure
Syncope
Tremors
Vertigo

26. Congenital Disorders
Cerebral palsy (CP)
Hydrocephalus

27. Traumatic Conditions
Coma
Concussion
Hematoma
Epidural
Subdural

28. Degenerative Disorders
Alzheimer disease (AD)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Lou Gehrig disease
Multiple sclerosis
Parkinson disease
Demyelination

29. Nondegenerative Disorders
Epilepsy
Narcolepsy
Bell palsy
Bell palsy

30. Infectious Diseases
Encephalitis
Meningitis

31. Vascular Disorders Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
CVA

32. Paralytic Conditions Paralysis Hemiparesis Hemiplegia Paraparesis
-plegia (stroke related) vs. –paresis (weakness to no movement)
Hemiparesis
Hemiplegia
Paraparesis
Paraplegia
Quadriparesis
Quadriplegia
Paralysis

33. Pharmacology
Analgesics
Anesthetics
Anticonvulsants
Hypnotics

34. Imaging
Cerebral angiography
Myelography
Angiography

35. Diagnostic Tests
Lumbar puncture (LP)