1. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley CHAPTER Medical Language Second Edition Neurology 10

2. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Learning Objectives 1.Identify the structures of the nervous system. 2.Describe the process of nerve transmission. 3.Describe common nervous system diseases and conditions, laboratory and diagnostic procedures, medical and surgical procedures, and drug categories.

3. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Learning Objectives 4.Give the medical meaning of word parts related to the nervous system. 5.Build nervous system words from word parts and divide and define words. 6.Spell and pronounce nervous system words. 7.Analyze the medical content and meaning of a neurology report.

4. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Learning Objectives 8.Dive deeper into neurology by reviewing the activities at the end of this chapter and online at Medical Terminology Interactive.

5. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Neurology The medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system and uses diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs to treat nervous system diseases.

6. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-1 Nervous system

7. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Nervous System –Divided into:  central nervous system (CNS) Contains brain and spinal cord  peripheral nervous system (PNS) Contains cranial nerves and spinal nerves Further divided into somatic and autonomic nervous systems

8. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-2 Divisions of the nervous system

9. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley

10. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Brain –Largest part of CNS –Consists of:  cerebrum (and its lobes)  Thalamus  Hypothalamus  Ventricles  brain-stem  cerebellum –Surrounded by the meninges

11. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-3 Lobes of the cerebrum

12. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-4 Midline cut section of the brain Reprinted from McMinn’s Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, 2/E. McMinn, Hutchings, Human Anatomy, 19,46,66,71.78,127,137,237,238. Copyright 2002, with permission from Elsevier.

13. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-5 Posterior half of the brain Reprinted from McMinn’s Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, 2/E. McMinn, Hutchings, Human Anatomy, 19,46,66,71.78,127,137,237,238. Copyright 2002, with permission from Elsevier.

14. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cerebrum –The surface of the cerebrum has elevated folds (gyri) and narrow grooves (sulci). –Gray matter: cerebral cortex  the outermost layer –White matter: composed of the axons of neurons.  Underneath gray matter  “white” because most axons are covered in white fatty layer -- myelin

15. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cerebrum –Divided right and left halves, or hemispheres –Only connection between the right and left hemispheres is the corpus callosum  allows hemispheres to communicate with each other and coordinate their activities.

16. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cerebrum Right Hemisphere of the Cerebrum –Recognizes faces, patterns, and three- dimensional structures –Analyzes the emotional content of words but not the actual words

17. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cerebrum Left Hemisphere of the Cerebrum –Performs mathematical and logical reasoning and problem-solving –Coordinates the recall of memories –Contains the speech center and is important in language skills

18. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley

19. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-6 Left-brain thinking Pearson Education/PH College

20. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cerebrum Frontal Lobe –Conscious thought and intelligence –Predicts future events and the benefits or consequences of actions –Coordinates and analyzes information coming from other lobes –Exerts conscious, voluntary control over the skeletal muscles

21. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cerebrum Frontal Lobe –Coordinates the muscles of the mouth, lips, tongue, pharynx, and larynx to produce speech

22. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cerebrum Parietal Lobe –Analyzes sensory information  Touch  Temperature  Vibration  Pain

23. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cerebrum Temporal Lobe –Hearing –Smells Occipital –Vision

24. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cerebrum Thalamus –Located near the center of the cerebrum –relay station: receivs sensory info from the cranial and spinal nerves, sends it to the midbrain and cerebrum –Deals with emotions

25. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cerebrum Hypothalamus –Has a stalk of blood vessels and nerves that connects to the pituitary gland  Endocrine and nervous system functions –Coordinates the activities of the pons and medulla oblongata  heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate

26. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cerebrum Hypothalamus –Regulates body temperature, sensations of hunger and thirst, and the circadian (24-hour) rhythm of the body –Plays a role in emotions and the sexual drive

27. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cerebrum Ventricles –Four interconnected cavities within the brain –Produces cerebrospinal fluid

28. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Brain Stem  Midbrain  Pons  medulla oblongata –coordinates reflex responses  Vomiting, sneezing, coughing, swallowing –maintains muscle tone –Pons is a relay station that links the spinal cord to the midbrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebrum

29. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cerebellum –Receives sensory information about muscle tone and body position and uses this to help maintain balance –Makes minor adjustments to coordinate movement

30. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Meninges –Surrounds brain and spinal cord  Dura mater  Arachnoid  Pia mater

31. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Spinal Cord –Part of the central nervous system –A long, narrow column of neural tissue within the spinal cavity or spinal canal –Protected by the vertebrae

32. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Cranial Nerves –Peripheral nervous system –12 pairs –receive sensory information from the body or send motor commands from the brain to voluntary muscles

33. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Table 10-1 Cranial Nerves

34. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Table 10-1 (cont’d) Cranial Nerves

35. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Table 10-1 (cont’d) Cranial Nerves

36. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Table 10-1 (cont’d) Cranial Nerves

37. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Table 10-1 (cont’d) Cranial Nerves

38. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Table 10-1 (cont’d) Cranial Nerves

39. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Table 10-1 (cont’d) Cranial Nerves

40. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Spinal Nerves Spinal Nerves (cont’d) –Peripheral nervous system –31 pairs –Each spinal nerve has two different groups of nerve roots that connect it to the spinal cord: dorsal nerve roots and ventral nerve roots.

41. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-9 Spinal nerves

42. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Spinal Nerves –Dorsal nerve roots: receive sensory information from the skin, muscles, and joints; afferent nerve root. –Ventral nerve roots: carry motor commands from the spinal cord to skeletal muscles and involuntary smooth muscles; efferent nerve root.

43. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Somatic Nervous System –Controls the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles –Motor commands are the result of conscious thoughts in the brain.

44. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Autonomic Nervous System –Controls the involuntary contractions of cardiac and smooth muscles, and glands –Can be broken down into two divisions:  Parasympathetic division  Sympathetic division

45. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Autonomic Nervous System Parasympathetic Division –Active during “rest and digest” activities –Decreases heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolic rate –Changes the diameter of the pupils Sympathetic Division –Active when body is active or exercising –Increases mental alertness –Dilates pupils to optimize vision –Increases heart and metabolic rate, respiratory rate, –Raises blood pressure –“Fight or Flight” response

46. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Neruons Dendrites –Multiple branching structures at the beginning of the neuron Cell body –Contains the nucleus, which directs cellular activities –Produce neurotransmitters as well as energy for the neuron

47. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Physiology of a Neuron and Neurotransmitters (cont’d) Axons –An elongated extension of cytoplasm at the end of the neuron –Larger axons are covered by a fatty, white insulating layer of myelin

48. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Physiology of a Neuron and Neurotransmitters (cont’d) Axons –A neurotransmitter released by the axon of one neuron travels across the synapse and binds with a receptor on the cell membrane of a dendrite of the next neuron, producing an electrical impulse.

49. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Table 10-3 Neurotransmitters

50. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions Brain –Amnesia –Anencephaly

51. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) Brain (cont’d) –Aphasia –Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) –Brain tumor

52. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Table 10-4 Types of Brain Tumors

53. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Table 10-4 (cont’d) Types of Brain Tumors

54. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-11 Glioma Simon Fraser/Photo Researchers, Inc.

55. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) Brain (cont’d) –Cephalalgia –Cerebral palsy (CP) –Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

56. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-12 Cerebrovascular accident

57. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-13 Patient with a cerebrovascular accident Michal Heron/Pearson Education/PH College

58. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) Brain (cont’d) –Coma –Concussion –Dementia –Down syndrome

59. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-14 Concussion HENNY RAY ABRAMS/AFP/Getty Images

60. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-15 PET scan of a normal brain Science Photo Library/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

61. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-16 PET scan of the brain of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease Science Photo Library/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

62. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-17 Down syndrome PhotoLink/Getty Images – Photodisc-Royalty Free

63. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) Brain (cont’d) –Dyslexia –Encephalitis –Epilepsy

64. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-18 Dyslexia Will & Deni McIntyre/Photo Researchers, Inc.

65. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-19 Epilepsy Yoav Levy/Phototake NYC

66. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Table 10-5 Seizures

67. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Table 10-5 (cont’d) Seizures

68. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) Brain (cont’d) –Hematoma –Huntington’s chorea –Hydrocephalus

69. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-20 Subdural hematoma

70. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-21 Hydrocephalus

71. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) Brain (cont’d) –Meningitis –Migraine headache –Narcolepsy

72. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) Brain (cont’d) –Parkinson’s disease –Syncope

73. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-22 Parkinson’s disease

74. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) Spinal Cord –Neural tube defect –Radiculopathy –Spinal cord injury (SCI)

75. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-23 Meningocele

76. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-24 Radiculopathy

77. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-25 Spinal cord injury

78. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) Nerves –Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) –Anesthesia –Bell’s palsy

79. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-26 Bell’s palsy

80. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) Nerves (cont’d) –Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) –Guillain-Barré syndrome –Hyperesthesia

81. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) Nerves (cont’d) –Multiple sclerosis (MS) –Neuralgia –Neuritis –Neurofibromatosis

82. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Multiple Sclerosis Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the topic of multiple sclerosis. Back to Directory

83. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) Nerves (cont’d) –Neuroma –Neuropathy –Paresthesia

84. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-27 Paresthesias Used with permission from Pfizer Inc. All rights reserved.

85. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures Laboratory Tests –Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) –Cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) examination

86. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures (cont’d) Radiologic and Nuclear Medicine Procedures –Cerebral angiography

87. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-28 Arteriogram Corbis RF

88. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures (cont’d) Radiologic and Nuclear Medicine Procedures (cont’d) –Computed axial tomography (CAT, CT) –Doppler ultrasonography –Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

89. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures (cont’d) Radiologic and Nuclear Medicine Procedures (cont’d) –Myelography –Positron emission tomography (PET) scan –Skull x-ray

90. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley PET Scans Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the topic of PET scans. Back to Directory

91. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures (cont’d) Other Diagnostic Tests –Electroencephalography (EEG) –Evoked potential testing –Nerve conduction study –Polysomnography

92. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-29 Electroencephalography (EEG) Phanie/Photo Researchers, Inc.

93. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Medical and Surgical Procedures Medical Procedures –Babinski’s sign –Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) –Lumbar puncture (LP)

94. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-30 Positive Babinski’s sign Pearson Education/PH College

95. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-31 Lumbar puncture (b) Peres/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

96. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Medical and Surgical Procedures (cont’d) Medical Procedures (cont’d) –Mini mental status examination (MMSE) –Neurologic examination –Spinal traction –Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit

97. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Figure 10-32 Spinal traction with tongs Vanstrum/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

98. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Medical and Surgical Procedures (cont’d) Surgical Procedures –Biopsy –Carotid endarterectomy –Craniotomy

99. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Medical and Surgical Procedures (cont’d) Surgical Procedures (cont’d) –Diskectomy –Laminectomy

100. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Medical and Surgical Procedures (cont’d) Surgical Procedures (cont’d) –Stereotactic neurosurgery –Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

101. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Drug Categories These categories of drugs are used to treat neurologic Diseases and Conditions: –Analgesic drugs –Antiepileptic drugs –Corticosteroid drugs –Drugs for myasthenia gravis

102. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Drug Categories These categories of drugs are used to treat neurologic Diseases and Conditions: –Drugs for neuralgia and neuropathy –Drugs for Parkinson’s disease

103. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Language, Second Edition Susan Turley Abbreviations