1. Origins of Politics

2. Hamilton’s Program Major issues with debt in the new government We owed numerous countries and citizens money from the Revolution Hamilton used this as an opportunity to promote his political agenda As a federalist he wanted to expand the federal government’s ability to strengthen the economy First issue was debt of the North The North still owed lots of war debt while the South had paid back their debt Hamilton tried to convince the South to help repay national debt Made a deal, if South supported the debt repayment then they would move the capital from NY to the South in DC

3. There was great discussion over the assuming of state’s debt as national debt. Hamilton suggested that it was better to have national debt over individual debt Hamilton’s strategy for playing the debt Tariffs: On imported goods and distilled liquors (whiskey) Used taxes to pay running of government and some to creditors. Felt should only pay a little bit every year so that the nations would continue to be interested in the US To complicate matters national bank was created http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nevis- nhcs.org/images/hamilton1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nevis- nhcs.org/&usg=__cDeBspZGMyfX_I7lI8itTG7haVI=&h=327&w=300&sz=21&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbni d=Uh9BqiTzzqr47M:&tbnh=135&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DALexander%2BHamilton%26um%3D1 %26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Den%26biw%3D1529%26bih%3D890%26tbs%3Disch: 1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=1076&vpy=248&dur=6&hovh=234&hovw=215&tx=74&ty=97&ei=RjeFTLyB E5T6swOl-OD2Bw&oei=RjeFTLyBE5T6swOl-OD2Bw&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=51&ved=1t:429,r:18,s:0

4. Opponents to Hamilton $ Many people did not like Hamilton’s plan, especially because it increased the federal governments power and interfered in state and local affairs. $ Some felt the plan was similar to taxes GB had posed to the US $ One of the major opponents to Hamilton was Jefferson $ Jefferson believed in Strict construction of the Constitution while Hamilton believed in Loose Construction $ Jefferson also disliked how he was in the minority of the cabinet in beliefs and he eventually resigned. $

5. Foreign Policy Issues The French Revolution caused a stir in America Although people did not like the violence, they supported the theory of the Revolution The Citizen Genet: French minister to the US came to convince US to support the French against Britain which they were now at war with Angered American’s because he was asking private citizen to serve in the French army He was asked to leave but to avoid deportation he married an American Stirred up talk about the support of French Hard call of who to support the French whose ideals we supported or Britain who had a strong army and we did not want to face again We decided our best bet was to remain neutral

6. Trying to Remain Neutral  To help maintain our Neutrality, Washington issued a Neutrality Proclamation  This worked until Britain started to seize neutral trading ships as well as their continued support of Indians in our west led the public to move more to support the French  Jay’s Treaty: Washington and Hamilton felt it was best to remain neutral so they sent Chief Justice John Jay to London to help work out a peace agreement  This agreement is known as Jay’s Treaty  Britain agreed to stay out of Native affairs in the West  Britain refused to stop the ship takeovers  Angered many Americans who felt the government was not doing enough to protect the people and that we could do more  Despite the dislike of the treaty it was approved by Congress in 1795

7. Whiskey Rebellion Many people were angered by Hamilton’s Plan, especially the west about the Whiskey tax Many people in the west refused to pay the tax because it was one of the only products to be made from corn that could be easily transported and not spoil It sometimes was even used as currency Started the Whiskey Rebellion-Closed courts, harmed tax collectors, used it to show dissatisfaction with the government Hamilton insisted that the military was brought in to put down the rebellion Washington ordered troops to put down Rebellion in 1794 and it showed that the US government would enforce laws with any means necessary

8. Jeffersonian Republicans Those who believed as Jefferson did that the federalist were taking too much power away from the people they formed societies to oppose the federalist Historically we call these groups the Jeffersonian Republicans They really began the first political party Political party: a group of people who seek to win elections and hold public office in order to shape government policy and programs

9. The Election of 1796 Washington was easily convinced to run for a second term When it came time to run for a third term, he faced a lot of criticism and decided to not run for a third With Washington out of the race it was hotly contested between the two factions on government It was John Adams and Thomas Pinckney for VP on one side, and Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr on the other The Federalist squeaked by with a victory to put Adams as President, but Jefferson got the second most votes so he became VP Taken from Eastchester Middle/High School Library

10. Washington’s Farwell Washington listed in his farewell address that he would not seek a 3 rd term Washington for most of his presidency remained neutral in the fed/anti fed arguments He did not believe political parties were good for our nation He also desired for the nation to remain neutral in foreign affairs and stay united as a nation

11. Adams as President At the start of his presidency, the nation was heading towards war with France Then the XYZ affair occurred Americans went to France to try and work for piece 3 French ministers tried to bribe the Americans in order to see the French dignitaries They were demanding 250,000 and a 10 million loan A common practice in Europe, really angered the Americans Both sides were angered and began to seize the others ships

12. The Alien and Sedition Acts  Taking advantage of the war like situation, the federalist pushed through new laws including of higher taxes, increasing the size of the army, and most importantly, the Alien and Sedition Acts  The Alien and Sedition acts stated that the President had the right to imprison or deport citizens of other countries or those who spoke out against the government

13. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Several anti federalists believed that the A&S acts were a violation of the Constitution so they came up with their own act to go against it The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions stated that if a state felt a law was unconstitutional it did not have to enforce the law This really didn’t go anywhere but it was a statement to the federal government that states were against the law

14. As time passed the tensions between the federalist and the Anti federalist began to grow. The election of 1800 was looming and people began to wonder who the people would favor, Fed or Anti Fed Gabriel Prosser’s Rebellion There were still unresolved issues about slavery Prosser a blacksmith tried to start a Rebellion to rise up against slavery Put down quickly but showed that slavery was still a major issue in the United States

15. Election of 1800  Adams quickly lost the support of the people once he was in office due to his loss of fed support in the France matter, second because of the peace treaty with the anti Feds, and the highly unpopular A&S acts  Adams couldn’t even win his parties nomination against Hamilton and Burr  On the other side was the Jeffersonian Republicans, with Jefferson a clear leader of the party

16.  Campaigns are not like today’s campaign most of the debate and discussion of issues took place in the newspapers and pamphlets.  Yet, the campaign was truly a nasty negative campaign with name calling taking place on both sides.

17. And the winner is…… Jefferson won the popular vote in Dec 1800, but he did not win the Electoral College His main rival was not Adams, but Jefferson’s own vice President Aaron Burr They had each received 73 electoral votes As states by the constitution, the vote went to the house of Reps No immediate majority could be seen and the house was deadlocked for days. Hamilton (a big wig within the House) decided he preferred Jefferson to Burr and helped sway votes to Jefferson. This help would cost Hamilton dearly later On Feb 17, The House elected Jefferson president and Burr Vice President on the 36 vote