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Commitment Identity Motives Meaning Self Esteem Distinctiveness Continuity Belongingness Identity Motives Meaning Self Esteem Distinctiveness Continuity Belongingness Positive Wellbeing Life satisfaction Positive affect Vitality Positive Wellbeing Life satisfaction Positive affect Vitality Negative Wellbeing Negative Affect Depression Stress Anxiety Negative Wellbeing Negative Affect Depression Stress Anxiety IDENTITY STYLES Information Style Normative Style Diffuse-Avoidant Style Gender Models Chi Square χ2 d.fFit Indices ∆χ2 ∆dfP TLICFINFIRMSEASRMR M1 498.43137.85.92.79.09.08 M2 295.32278.85.95.84.09.04203.1159.000 M3 342.797122.90.95.83.07.05 47.475 44.332 M1=fully constrained model, M2= unconstrained Model, M3=Partially constrained Model The above figures show that commitment, Self Esteem Motive and Motive of belongingness appeared to be stronger significant mediators between identity styles and psychological wellbeing of participants. Chi- square, degree of freedom and model fit indices for a proposed model of relationship between identity styles, and psychological well-being gender as moderator and identity satisfaction motives as mediators. Results Table 1: Moderation Through Gender Figure 2 Figure 1 The above table highlights the significant gender differences found in partially constrained model. Information Life satisfaction Β =.02, -.16** Normative Orientation Commitment Β =.02, -.15** Diffuse/ Avoidance Diffuse/ Avoidance Meaning Self Esteem Distinctiveness Β =.15**, -.36*** Β =.-.33*** -.18** Β =.02, -.15** Commitment Distinctiveness Β = -.17**, -.00 NWB Β =.34***,.14** NWB Β = -.04 -.19** Self Esteem NWB Β = -.19**, -.16** Life satisfaction Β =.46**,.12** Distinctiveness Information Β =.06, -.20** Continuity NWB Β =.04, -.25** Life satisfaction Β = -.06,.41*** Gender has partially moderated the relationship between identity styles, identity motives and their impact on psychological wellbeing. Note: Read NWB as Negative Psychological wellbeing and PWB as positive Psychological wellbeing.05 Information orientation commitment Self Esteem PWB.02 Avoidance -.06 Belongingness.03 -.05 -.04 Information orientation Avoidance commitment Self Esteem Belongingness Life Satisfaction..04 -.01.-.00 -.15.00 Information orientation Commitment Normative orientation Diffuse/ Avoidance Self Esteem Belongingness distinctiveness NWB -.01 -.02 -.01.01 -.00 -.05.06.01 Information orientation Diffuse/ avoidance Commitment Belongings Negative Affect -.02.-.00 -.02 -.00 -.02 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Sample Introduction Male Female Key : The present study highlights the moderating role of gender in identity styles in Pakistani culture and highlights the fact that gender differences in terms of identity styles are not as universal as they were previously assumed. The study further concentrates and focuses on the important on role of identity motives satisfaction while mediating and strengthening the relationship between identity styles and resultant psychological wellbeing. The motives of belonging and self esteem are found to be stronger mediators in this regard. The systematic linkages among study variables explored in present study will help to develop positive strategies to enhance wellbeing of adolescents and will underline the mechanisms leading to negative wellbeing. The findings demonstrated more significant gender differences in collectivist culture like Pakistan as compared to individualist culture explaining how gender and culture play combined role in the process of adolescent identity development. The findings of present study may be of interest to researchers, counselors, teachers, health promoter, and humanists for the planning of interventions for adolescent group to enhance positive growth among adolescents in Pakistan. The sample consisted of 568 students from six different Universities in Islamabad (Pakistan). The age range for students was from 18-25 years. The mean age of the participants was 22 years (SD = 1.79), there were 232 males (41%), 336 females (59%). 268 (47%) were undergraduates and 299 (52%) were post graduates. Almost all participants (98%) were from Pakistan and had the Pakistani nationality. Participants were briefly briefed about study. Informed consent was obtained from all adolescents. Bibliography Berzonsky, M. D. (1990). Self-construction across the life-span: A process view of identity development. G.H. Neimeyer, R.A. Neimeyer (Eds.), Advances in personal construct psychology, (Vol. 1), Greenwich, CT (1990): Jai Press. Berzonsky, M. D. (2011). A social-cognitive perspective on identity construction.In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx,, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of Identity Theory and Research (pp. 55–77). New York: Springer. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. & Grin, S. (1985). The satisfaction -with-life scale: A measure of life satisfaction. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-76. Erikson, E. (1968). Identity, youth and crisis. New York: Norton. Vignoles V. L. (2011). Identity motives. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx,, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of Identity Theory and Research (pp. 403-433). New York: Springer. Mediation through Identity Motives Mediation through Identity Motives Erikson (1968) emphasized the importance of identity formation as a crucial developmental task during adolescence, involving the exploration of identity-relevant alternatives while making important life decisions. The general aim of the study is to explore whether identity styles as proposed by Berzonsky (2012) are universally more adaptive than others, or is it that some identity styles are a better fit than others within the cultural contexts. Additionally, the study aims to contribute to an integration of the identity literature by testing whether the satisfaction of identity motives (Vignoles, 2011), mediates the effects of identity styles on positive and negative wellbeing of adolescents. The study further aims at testing whether these pathways are moderated by gender. -. 00
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