1. sPHENIX Project Overview John Haggerty Brookhaven National Laboratory

2. sPHENIX We envision the first successor to the PHENIX experiment to be the premier experiment for making jet measurements in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and it consists of –A superconducting solenoid covering |η| < 1 (DOE MIE) –Central electromagnetic calorimeter (DOE MIE) –Central hadronic calorimeter (DOE MIE) –Silicon tracker –Electromagnetic pre-shower detector This apparatus provides a solid foundation for future experimentation at RHIC –fsPHENIX additional forward detectors for possible spin experimentation –ePHENIX completion of forward detectors for experiments at an eventual eRHIC EIC 7/29/20132

3. 3 Proposal status The sPHENIX proposal timeline so far: –October 1, 2010 Decadal plan –July 1, 2012 Proposal submitted to BNL –October 5-6, 2012 Laboratory review –February 1, 2013 Revised proposal released –March 29, 2013 Submitted to ONP –May 7, 2013 ALD requests LOI for EIC due September 30 –May 30, 2013 ALD requests draft LOI August 31 –October 1, 2013 BNL submits PHENIX and STAR LOI’s and a transition plan to eRHIC to DOE

4. Collaboration comes together in workfests… September 2011 – Brookhaven workfest December 2011 – Boulder workfest January 2012 – Tennessee workfest February 2012 – Columbia workfest March 2012 – Florida State collaboration meeting April 2012 – Boulder workfest May 2012 – Brookhaven/Boulder writing November 2012 – Boulder workfest January 2013– Brookhaven workfest February 2013 – BNL Calorimeter workfest May 2013 – Santa Fe workfest July 2013 – ePHENIX workfest: Japan/RIKEN 7/29/20134

5. …which culminated in a proposal… Submitted to BNL a year ago Superconducting solenoid –2 T –70 cm inner radius –|η| < 1.1 Tungsten-scintillator EMCAL outside coil Steel-scintillator HCAL Silicon tracker with additional planes at about 60 cm Preshower detector 7/29/20135

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7. …which was reviewed in October 2012 Very useful review at BNL by John Harris, Mike Harrison, Miklos Gyulassy, Jimmy Proudfoot, Raju Venugopalan, Bolek Wyslouch, Xin-Nian Wang “The Committee therefore strongly endorses the science case for this program.” Several recommendations to strengthen proposal –move discussion of non-DOE funded additional tracking and EMCal pre- shower from appendix to main body of MIE to underscore how they broaden the physics case –further GEANT studies –increase contingency on solenoid to reflect current-day challenges in procuring superconducting magnets 7/29/20137

8. f and e sPHENIX Even while imagining the sPHENIX detector as a world class detector for jet studies at RHIC, we realized that upgrades in the forward direction would give it additional physics capabilities in spin polarized collisions and in electron-ion collisions 7/29/20138 Concept for forward detectors at time of proposal

9. Where are we now? Proposal status –We have met with DOE ONP to establish a path forward –The new Associate Director (Berndt Mueller) and his Deputy (David Lissauer) have been very supportive –It has been made clear that sPHENIX must not be a dead end, but can be an important part of future experiments at an eRHIC (LOI) Physics status –Studies of jets near Tc is recognized as an important suite of measurements and theoretical activity is ramping up Detector status –Prototype detectors under construction for beam test –A very fortunate development with the magnet 7/29/20139

10. BaBar solenoid Built by Ansaldo, delivered to SLAC ~1999 1.5 T solenoid Major parameters of the cryostat: –Inner radius: 140 cm –Outer radius: 173 cm –Length: 385 cm I visited the coil in End Station A at SLAC on May 17, 2013 –It is packed in transfer frame for shipping –Power supply, quench detection, and dump resistor available –Some cryo components available (but most going to FRIB) –Freight cost $33k 7/29/201310

11. BaBar solenoid 7/29/201311

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14. ePHENIX A Letter of Intent for an eRHIC detector based on sPHENIX is in preparation by many of those here The design being considered is based upon the BaBar magnet Lots of Monte Carlo simulation, detector design, magnetic field modeling… 7/29/201314

15. ePHENX LOI Internal Discussions Jin Huang, et. al.15 RICH GEM Station4 EMCal HCal GEM Station2 z (cm) R (cm) HCal p/A EMCal GEMs EMCal & Preshower μ-TPC DIRC η~1 η~4 -1.2 R (cm) GEM Station3 GEMs Station1 η~-1 e-e- e-e- AreoGel

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18. Magnetic field 2D magnetic field calculations have been done for some geometries 3D models and optimization still to come 7/29/201318

19. Goals of detector development For the calorimeters, the goal is to build a reasonably large prototype of both calorimeters and beam test them in a beam at Fermilab –EMCAL 7x7 towers –HCAL 4x4 towers (inner and outer) –SiPM amplifiers and waveform digitizers –Stand 7/29/201319

20. Beam test Prototype EMCAL and HCAL beam test at Fermilab –7x7 EMCAL –4x4 HCAL T-1044 January 29-February 25, 2014 7/29/201320

21. EMCAL SBIR Phase I with Tungsten Heavy Powder complete There have been uncertainties about the achievable tolerances for accordion and tapered plates Design altered to HCAL-like design (“tilted plate”) Purchase 0.5 mm plates for 7x7 prototype (1 mm absorber) 1 mm fibers on hand or available Several light collection ideas have been investigated by Sean and Craig 7/29/201321

22. Drawing for light collection structure 7/29/201322

23. Module read out with 2” pmt 7/29/201323

24. 7/29/201324 sPHENIX HCal Prototype

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26. 7/29/201326 Assembly of butted ribs and fasteners

27. SiPM development Steve Boose has been working with Andre, Eric, and Sal to build and test a number of versions of a temperature stabilized preamp for the Hamamatsu SiPM’s (the next few slides will show some of his results) There has been some testing with a preamp developed for ALICE at Oak Ridge by David Silvermeyr and Paul Stankus Craig submitted a joint order with STAR for about 150 SiPM’s for the prototypes Steve will manufacture preamp boards Some testing has begun on ganged SiPM’s 7/29/201327

28. HCAL scintillator Scintillating tiles with embedded WLS fiber as pioneered by T2K First articles produced, uniformity looks good Development of light collection scheme under way 7/29/201328

29. SiPM Temperature Stability Test Setup 297/29/2013

30. Temperature Controlled SiPM Housing SiPM board is contained in a temperature controlled housing. Two 5W Kapton heaters inside the housing. Two TE cooler modules with a thermistor for monitoring. External PID temperature controller. Water cooled blocks to remove heat from TE coolers.. SiPM TE Cooler Thermistor 307/29/2013

31. Stabilizer Results 7/29/201331

32. Beam test electronics We are planning to use some redeployed HBD waveform digitizers (60 MHz sampling) These are being used on the MPC 7/29/201332 Pulse from APD’s on MPC from Mickey Chiu

33. Simulation Chris Pinkenburg has defined, developed, debugged the calorimeter geometries and he has generated the “G4HITS” data Liang Xue has done a lot of work doing the next level of analysis 7/29/201333

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35. Simulation results Much more detail from Liang this afternoon We need some more effort on the simulation framework in software infrastructure, test cases, validation, getting the segmentation and geometry right The BaBar magnet gives us additional space which will allow us to improve the resolution 7/29/201335

36. Cost and schedule The sPHENIX cost estimate in the MIE proposal was –$29.1M of new equipment (including $7.9M for the magnet) –$6.3M of redirected labor We are still evaluating the costs with the BaBar solenoid; the detector is larger, and some costs go up, and there is the possibility of improved performance (EMCAL resolution, for example), removing a very risky $7.9M cost is a huge win We are engaged in a preliminary additional cost estimate for the ePHENIX detector to be included in the LOI 7/29/201336

37. Brookhaven Lab Timeline sPHENIX physics ePHENIX physics PHENIX physics

38. The path forward In the 13 months since we finished the proposal, we have made a lot of technical progress in all areas vital to the design of the sPHENIX barrel. In the next 6-9 months we need to Prove the performance of the prototype calorimeters –Instrument them with SiPM’s and electronics –Do a beam test Take the magnet design to next level (stresses, mechanical constraints, iterations on the field) and possibly take ownership of the coil Move forward on the tracking and pre-shower design (RIKEN Workfest, July 29-August 20 7/29/201338

39. One last thing I didn’t sufficiently acknowledge the tremendous contributions made by all the PHENIX collaborators who did all this work! We have come a long way! There’s a long way to go, but we can rightly pause for a moment to consider that… before we get back to some of the best parts of experimental physics, in which we imagine what’s possible and make it so 7/29/201339

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