1. Presenter : Baha Zoubi Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.A degree Supervised by :Pro. Gavriel Salomon Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Israel Promoting peace education through cooperation in common soccer clubs between Jewish and Arab youth players in Israel bahazoubi@gmail.com

2. Peace education perceived as a process of changing the point of view ( enemy perception ) for every side of the conflict ( Burton, 1987;Kriesberg,1993 ), or a process for attitudes changing, which aims to increase understanding, honor and tolerance toward members from the out-group ( Oppenheimer, Bar-Tal & Raviv,1999 ). Peace education bahazoubi@gmail.com

3. The contact Hypothesis is considered as a one of the effective theories for improving inter group relationships in the social psychology ( Allport, 1954, 1958 ). Allport maintained that, the contact hypothesis existence and reducing stereotypes and prejudice is dependent in 4 conditions : 1. Equal status 2.Acquaintance potential 3. common goals and cooperation interaction 4.social and institutional support. Pettigrew ( 1998 ) added another condition, friendship and social relationship with out-group members. Another condition for contact success is encouraging existence social norms in the society. The contact Hypothesis bahazoubi@gmail.com

4. Bi-national soccer clubs bahazoubi@gmail.com

5. Equal Inter-group playing opportunity Equal Inter-group participants number inter-group Encounter in Neutral training field bahazoubi@gmail.com

6. Common Goals and cooperation interaction Common in-group identity bahazoubi@gmail.com

7. Intensive Inter-group contact bahazoubi@gmail.com

8. Friendship And social relationship Encouraging Social norms Institutional and parents support bahazoubi@gmail.com

9. High inter-group trust Low inter-group anxiety bahazoubi@gmail.com

10. Strong rules and discipline bahazoubi@gmail.com

11. High cultural Information About out-group bahazoubi@gmail.com

12. Uni-national soccer clubs JewishArab Surface Inter-group contact Jewish bahazoubi@gmail.com

13. inter-group Encounter in Local club field Opposing Goals and competitive interaction Salient and different in-group identity Different Inter-group Clubs conditions bahazoubi@gmail.com

14. High inter-group anxiety Low inter-group trust Hostile environment Weak rules and Discipline bahazoubi@gmail.com

15. High ignorance of out-group bahazoubi@gmail.com

16. Main assumptions Participating in bi-national soccer clubs leads for positive attitudes change among Jewish and Arab participants Participating in uni-national soccer clubs doesn't lead for positive attitudes change among Jewish and Arab participants bahazoubi@gmail.com

17. TotalUni-nationalBi-nationalNationality 1648975Jewish 1358253Arab The Sample bahazoubi@gmail.com

18. Results ArabJewish bahazoubi@gmail.com

19. Jewish participants negative emotions toward Arab group members

20. Arab participants negative emotions toward Jewish group members

21. Jewish participants negative stereotypes toward Arab members

22. Arab participants negative stereotypes toward Jewish members

23. Jewish participants personal Acquaintance with Arab members

24. Arab participants personal Acquaintance with Jewish members

25. Jewish participants Willingness for cooperation with Arab members

26. Arab participants Willingness for cooperation with Jewish members

27. Jewish participants

28. Arab participants

29. THE FACES THE FACES conclusion Participating in bi-national soccer clubs improves positively participants attitudes toward out-group members, in the other hand participating in uni-national soccer clubs keeps participants attitudes toward out-group members. bahazoubi@gmail.com

30. The children of today ~ our Israel of tomorrow

31. Thank you very much bahazoubi@gmail.com