1. Amity School of Business 1 Amity School of Business BBA, Semester – II E - Commerce Arpan Sinha

2. Amity School of Business 2 Module -2 Internet Architecture and ISP’s

3. Amity School of Business 3 Hardware and Software Design Consideration & Implementation Factors to keep in Mind Hardware Requirements. (Server & other Hardware Component) Software Requirements (Various Web Software) Disaster Recovery and Fault-Tolerance Requirements.

4. Amity School of Business 4 Step 1: Factors to Keep in Mind Location – Capacity – Distance Limitations- Cost – Potential Growth – Security-

5. Amity School of Business 5 Step 2 : Hardware & Software Considerations Factors when selecting network architecture Hardware requirements: Hardware includes servers, workstations, printers, switches, routers, minicomputers, and backup systems. Software requirements: These requirements depend largely on the hardware and applications required.

6. Amity School of Business 6 Step 3 : Disaster Recovery and Fault-Tolerance Requirements Recovery from disaster depends on the sensitivity of data, size of the files and reliability of the network. Redundant equipment (switches, routers, severs) also should be as backup for the main network. Fault tolerant means the system has built-in features that allows it to recover from failure. Fault-tolerant hard disks are defines by a set of specifications known Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks or RAID, which mirror resident disk drives.

7. Amity School of Business 7 What is Network ? A Network is a connection between at least two computers for the purpose of sharing resources. Types of Network – Peer to Peer Networks – Client – Server Networks

8. Amity School of Business 8 Peer to Peer Network Computers in peer-to peer networks are usually linked together as equals, with no centralized server or control. Any computer can share its resources with any other computer on the same network in any way and whenever it chooses to do so. Users are network administrators in that they control access to the resources that reside on their own computer. As a rule, a peer to peer setup connects fewer than 10 computers. It is appropriate for a dental clinic or a travel agency.

9. Amity School of Business 9 Peer- to Peer Networks Advantages Easy to install East to configure the system. Users can control their own shared resources Ideal for small business of 10 users or less No need for a full-time network administrator Inexpensive to purchase and operate Disadvantages Every time a computer in the network is accessed. Network security is applied to one computer at a time. Backup is performed on each machine separately to protect shared resources. No centralized setup to locate, manage, or control access to data. Users have to use a separate password on each computer in the network.

10. Amity School of Business 10 Client/Server Architecture Server - any computer used to provide files to other computers connected to it through a network –Server software –Server hardware Patterns of server architectures (tested solutions to common problems) Client – any computer or workstation connected to the server within a network Client/Server Network – a cluster of computers (called clients) connected to one or more servers of the network.

11. Amity School of Business 11 Two-Tier Client/Server Architecture

12. Amity School of Business 12 Client / Server Architecture Advantages Centralized security access and control. Ideal for more than 10 users. Simpler network administration than peer-to peer networks. Ideal when user computers are not in close proximity. Users remember only one password. Disadvantages Specialized staff needed to manage the specialized hardware and software. Network failure means clients are almost helpless Higher cost than peer- to peer network because of the specialized hardware and software architecture.

13. Amity School of Business 13 Three-Tier Client/Server Architectures In 3-tier architecture, there is an intermediary level, meaning the architecture is generally split up between: A client, i.e. the computer, which requests the resources, equipped with a user interface (usually a web browser) for presentation purposes. The application server (also called middleware), whose task it is to provide the requested resources, but by calling on another server. The data server, which provides the application server with the data it requires.

14. Amity School of Business 14 Three-Tier and N-Tier Client/Server Architectures

15. Amity School of Business 15 Types of Server Application Server : a server dedicated to running certain software applications Catalog Server : a central search point for information across a distributed network Communication Server : carrier-grade computing platform for communications networks Compute Server : a server intended for intensive (esp. scientific) computations Database Server : provides database services to other computer programs or computers Fax Server : provides fax services for clients File Server : provides remote access to files Game Server : a server that video game clients connect to in order to play online together Home Server : a server for the home Mail Server : handles transport of and access to email

16. Amity School of Business 16 Media Server : a specialized application server, usually enterprise class machine, providing video on demand Mobile Server : or Server on the Go is an Intel Xeon processor based server class laptop form factor computer. Name Server Or DNS Print Server : provides printer services Proxy Server : acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers Sound Server : provides multimedia broadcasting, streaming. Stand alone Server : a server on a Windows network that does not belong to or govern a Windows domain Web Server : a server that HTTP clients connect to in order to send commands and receive responses along with data contents Types of Server

17. Amity School of Business 17 E-Commerce Web Sites To plan appropriately for an e-commerce server one must determine What they want to accomplish from a business perspective Identify the types of content that will be delivered Estimate how many visitors will be connecting to the Web site Select an appropriate hardware and software platform Select an appropriate service provider

18. Amity School of Business 18 E-Commerce Web Sites- Server options The job of a server computer is to respond to requests from client computers Depending on the type and number of requests different options are appropriate The three main components of a server that have to be decided upon: –Hardware platform (processor, storage, networking—price, maintenance costs) –Operating system –Web server software –Support for standards

19. Amity School of Business 19 Internet Service Providers An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet, Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. In 1969 only four hosting companies existed. In 1985, there were 1,960 companies; by 2005 there were more than 3,000 ISP’s in the United State and more than 15,000 worldwide. For a Fee, the ISP gives you a software package, a user name, a password and an access phone number. Nearly every ISP today offers what is called virtual hosting or a virtual domain, as well. This allows you to have your own domain name, such as www.yourcompany.com

20. Amity School of Business 20 Types of Service Providers There are Five types of Service Providers –Internet Service Providers (ISP) –Application Service Providers (ASP) –Wireless Application Service Providers (WASP) –Business Service Providers (BSP) –Wholesale Service Providers (WSP)

21. Amity School of Business 21 Using an Internet Service Provider Renting a server from an Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a common option. Most small & medium size companies store their web site on a server provided by an ISP. Here are some advantages: Connection Speed : Powerful Hardware: Security and Stability :

22. Amity School of Business 22 Things to Consider with an ISP 24-hour support : Daily Backup : Traffic Volume: Bandwidth or Content Restrictions: E-mail Capabilities : Front Page Extensions: Database Access:

23. Amity School of Business 23 ISP Structure and Services From a prospective customer’s view, one important item to understand is Bandwidth. The market consists of several national service providers (NSPs) like MCI (Microwaves Communication, Incorporation) and Sprint. Each company operate networks of high-speed lines across the united states and globally. Most ISPs get their T1(1.54Mbps) internet “feed” from NSPs. Then they resell connection to dial-up customers. ISPs are facilities based or virtual. “Facilities-Based ISPs own dial-up access servers or switches”. “Virtual ISPs provide Internet Service using the equipment of a facilities-based ISP”. They offer the services of real ISP under their own company or brand name. Facilities-based ISPs have significant start-up cost associated with hardware and software purchases and Internet access leases. Operating costs are also high, because they need technical support staff 24 hours a day to manage the network and ensure reliable service.

24. Amity School of Business 24 ISP Structure and Services Virtual ISPs do not have any these costs. Hardware, Software and technical support are provided by facilities-based ISP. Capital expenditure can be focused on marketing and sales to generate new customers.

25. Amity School of Business 25 Web Hosting Domain Names Domain Name: A domain name is a unique name for a web site, like yahoo. Com. Domain names must be registered. When domain names are registered, they are added to a large domain name register. In addition, information about the web site, including the IP address, is stored on a DNS server. DNS stands for Domain Name System. A DNS server is responsible for informing all other computers on the Internet about the domain name and the web site address. Registering a Domain : Domains can be registered from domain name registration companies. These companies provide interfaces to search for available domain names, and they offer a variety of domain name extensions that can be registered at the same time.

26. Amity School of Business 26 Web Hosting Domain Name Choosing a Domain Name : Choosing a domain name is a major step for any individual or organization. –New domain name extensions and creative thinking still offer thousands of excellent domain names! –When choosing a name, it is important to consider the purpose of a domain name, which is to provide an easy way to reach your web site. –The best domains have the following characteristics: –Short –Meaningful –Clear –Exposure

27. Amity School of Business 27 Web Hosting E-mail Services Hosting services should include e-mail accounts and e-mail services. E-mail Accounts Hosting solutions should include e-mail accounts for each person in your company. E-mail addresses should appear something like this: john@mycompany.com, john.doe@mycompany.com,john@mycompany.com john.doe@mycompany.com jdoe@mycompany.com POP E-mail IMAP Email Web-based E-mail

28. Amity School of Business 28 Packet and Protocol Packet – a packet is a sequence of bits that carries identifying information for transmitting the data as well as data itself. A single packet contains a header to keep track of the actual data it. The general size of packet is between 100 and 2000 octets (bytes) Protocol – a rule that governs how communication should be conducted between two parties, two computers or a source and destination. “Protocols are pieces of software that run on every node or computer and allow every pair of computer to communicate directly without having to know much about each other, except for the IP address.” Packets and Internet Protocols (IP) have one thing in common: One cannot function without the other. For example, when A dials B, B answers the phone by saying “Hello”. So the term Hello is the protocol for answering the phone.

29. Amity School of Business 29 Thank you