1. Wake-up 1.What are two causes of mutations? 2.Which type of mutation, point or frameshift, does the most “damage” to the protein/amino acid sequence. 3.Explain why.

2. Mutations, Cell Cycle, and Cancer Christopherson

3. The blue whale is the largest mammal in the world. The pygmy shrew is one of the smallest mammals in the world. How does the size of average cells compare between a blue whale and pygmy shrew? Circle the answer that BEST matches your thinking? A) The average cell of a blue whale is smaller than the average cell of a pygmy shrew. B) The average cell of a blue whale is larger than the average cell of a pygmy shrew C) The average cell of a blue whale is about the same size as the average cell of a pygmy shrew.

4. How does an organism grow or replace old cells? Through the process of the cell cycle

5. What are the limits to Cell Size? 1.The efficiency of Cell Transport; substances need to reach the central part of the cell; if have a great distance to travel, they won’t get there. Cell Organelle = Oxygen =

6. What are the limits to Cell Size? 1.DNA overload; DNA controls everything that occurs in a cell; cell gets too big, its too hard to control everything I can’t keep up!!!!

7. Process which includes Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis. An identical copy of a cell is created Cell Division

8. Problems with Cell Division: Cancer

9. What is Cancer? Diseased Cell Cycle which causes uncontrolled division of abnormal cells

10. What are abnormal cells? Cells that do not die when they should and form new cells when the body does not need them.

12. How? A change or mutation in the cells DNA

13. Two ways to classify mutations Acquired mutation Get a mutation at some point in life. Hint: Think of it like getting sick, but you can’t get rid of it.

15. Two ways to classify mutations Inherited mutation Get a mutation from your parents

16. BRCA1 and BRCA2 BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that produce tumor suppressor proteins. They help repair damaged DNA.

17. Why? Genetics Lifestyle-tobacco, diet, etc Environmental: Radiation/Chemicals

21. Result? The cancer cells divide continuously; which creates a tumor (mass of cells)

22. Treatment Surgery is done to remove tumors or as much of the cancerous tissue as possible.

23. Treatment Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses of drugs to eliminate cancer cells. It works by targeting rapidly multiplying cancer cells.

24. Treatment Radiation therapy uses certain types of energy to shrink tumors or eliminate cancer cells. It works by damaging a cancer cell's DNA, making it unable to multiply.