1. LecturePLUS Timberlake1 Chapter 8 Solutions Solutions Solutes Solvents

2. LecturePLUS Timberlake2 Water Most common solvent A polar molecule O  - a hydrogen bond H  +

3. LecturePLUS Timberlake3 Hydrogen Bonds Attract Polar Water Molecules

4. LecturePLUS Timberlake4 Solute and Solvent Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances Solute The substance in the lesser amount Solvent The substance in the greater amount

5. LecturePLUS Timberlake5 Nature of Solutes in Solutions Spread evenly throughout the solution Cannot be separated by filtration Can be separated by evaporation Not visible, solution appears transparent May give a color to the solution

6. LecturePLUS Timberlake6 Types of Solutions air O 2 gas and N 2 gas gas/gas soda CO 2 gas in water gas/liquid seawater NaCl in water solid/liquid brass copper and zinc solid/solid

7. LecturePLUS Timberlake7 Discussion Give examples of some solutions and explain why they are solutions.

8. LecturePLUS Timberlake8 Learning Check SF1 (1) element (2) compound (3) solution A. water123 B. sugar 123 C. salt water 123 D. air123 E. tea123

9. LecturePLUS Timberlake9 Solution SF1 (1) element (2) compound (3) solution A. water2 B. sugar 2 C. salt water 3 D. air3 E. tea3

10. LecturePLUS Timberlake10 Learning Check SF2 Identify the solute and the solvent. A. brass: 20 g zinc + 50 g copper solute= 1) zinc 2) copper solvent = 1) zinc 2) copper B. 100 g H 2 O + 5 g KCl solute = 1) KCl 2) H 2 O solvent = 1) KCl 2) H 2 O

11. LecturePLUS Timberlake11 Solution SF2 A. brass: 20 g zinc + 50 g copper solute= 1) zinc solvent = 2) copper B. 100 g H 2 O + 5 g KCl solute = 1) KCl solvent = 2) H 2 O

12. LecturePLUS Timberlake12 Learning Check SF3 Identify the solute in each of the following solutions: A. 2 g sugar (1) + 100 mL water (2) B. 60.0 mL ethyl alcohol(1) and 30.0 mL of methyl alcohol (2) C. 55.0 mL water (1) and 1.50 g NaCl (2) D. Air: 200 mL O 2 (1) + 800 mL N 2 (2)

13. LecturePLUS Timberlake13 Solution SF3 Identify the solute in each of the following solutions: A. 2 g sugar (1) B. 30.0 mL of methyl alcohol (2) C. 50 g NaCl (2) D. 200 mL O 2 (1)

14. LecturePLUS Timberlake14 Like dissolves like A ____________ solvent such as water is needed to dissolve polar solutes such as sugar and ionic solutes such as NaCl. A ___________solvent such as hexane (C 6 H 14 ) is needed to dissolve nonpolar solutes such as oil or grease.

15. LecturePLUS Timberlake15 Learning Check SF4 Which of the following solutes will dissolve in water? Why? 1) Na 2 SO 4 (ionic) 2) gasoline (nonpolar) 3) I 2 (nonpolar) 4) HCl (polar)

16. LecturePLUS Timberlake16 Solution SF4 Which of the following solutes will dissolve in water? Why? 1) Na 2 SO 4 Yes, ionic 2) gasoline No, nonnpolar 3) I 2 No, nonpolar 4) HClYes, Polar

17. LecturePLUS Timberlake17 Formation of a Solution Cl - Na + Cl - Na + H2OH2O H2OH2O Cl - solute Dissolved solute Hydration

18. LecturePLUS Timberlake18 Writing An Equation for a Solution When NaCl(s) dissolves in water, the reaction can be written as H 2 O NaCl(s) Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq) solid separation of ions in water

19. LecturePLUS Timberlake19 Learning Check SF5 Solid LiCl is added to some water. It dissolves because A. The Li + ions are attracted to the 1) oxygen atom(  -) of water 2) hydrogen atom(  +) of water B.The Cl - ions are attracted to the 1) oxygen atom(  -) of water 2) hydrogen atom(  +) of water

20. LecturePLUS Timberlake20 Solution SF5 Solid LiCl is added to some water. It dissolves because A. The Li + ions are attracted to the 1) oxygen atom(  -) of water B.The Cl - ions are attracted to the 2) hydrogen atom(  +) of water

21. LecturePLUS Timberlake21 Rate of Solution You are making a chicken broth using a bouillon cube. What are some things you can do to make it dissolve faster? Crush it Use hot water (increase temperature) Stir it

22. LecturePLUS Timberlake22 Learning Check SF6 You need to dissolve some gelatin in water. Indicate the effect of each of the following on the rate at which the gelatin dissolves as (1) increase, (2) decrease, (3) no change A. ___Heating the water B. ___Using large pieces of gelatin C. ___Stirring the solution

23. LecturePLUS Timberlake23 Learning Check SF6 You need to dissolve some gelatin in water. Indicate the effect of each of the following on the rate at which the gelatin dissolves as (1) increase, (2) decrease, (3) no change A. 1 Heating the water B. 2 Using large pieces of gelatin C. 2 Stirring the solution