1. Strategy Nine: Generating and Testing Hypotheses Generating and Testing Hypotheses teach students to ask the question: WHAT IF? Requires students to analyze and evaluate. Requires students to think about causes and relationships among phenomena. NOT JUST A SCIENCE THING – Can be done in ALL content area. Powerful tool for student engagement!

2. Strategy Nine: Generating and Testing Hypotheses One way to have students generate and test hypotheses is by engaging them in problem solving. Steps involved with problem solving: 1.Describe barriers or constraints 2.Identify different solutions and hypothesize which one will work 3.Try out the solution 4.Explain whether hypothesis was correct

3. Strategy Nine: Generating and Testing Hypotheses When followed traditionally, generating and testing hypotheses can help solve a math problem or a science experiment. Applied to different content area: Language Arts can engage students in this process with goals such as: -Reducing the total number of grammar and spelling errors -Improving the quality of references used in research. Students can use it for problems that matter to them: - Reducing the number of students who drop out of high school -Improve relationships between faculty and students.

4. Strategy Nine: Generating and Testing Hypotheses Investigations: Identifying or resolving issues regarding past events for which there are confusions or contradictions. Steps in Investigations: 1.Identify the situation 2.Identify what is known or agreed upon about the situation. 3.Offer a hypothetical scenario based on what you understand and know. 4.Analyze evidence to determine if that hypothetical scenario is plausible. EXAMPLE QUESTIONS: Could the cleanup of the oil spill of the Gulf Coast have been handled differently? Was it necessary to drop atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki? REMEMBER: MOVE AWAY FROM “RIGHT ANSWER LEARNING”

5. Strategy Nine: Generating and Testing Hypotheses Best Practices: 1.Teachers need to model how to generate and test hypotheses. 2.Students need resources. 3.Provide templates that students can use to report their work. 4.Provide guidance during each step of the process: Ask strategic questions, providing cues, and giving feedback

6. Strategy Nine: Generating and Testing Hypotheses Technology Applications:Kahn Academy www.khanacademy.org For homework and practice – Over 3,600 videos in K-12 Math, K-12 Science, Finance, Economics, and Humanities Topics

7. Strategy Nine: Generating and Testing Hypotheses Technology Applications: Screencasting – Record short videos used as tutorials or how tos that parents and students can refer to during homework time. Jing: http://wwww.techsmith.com/jing/htmlhttp://wwww.techsmith.com/jing/html Show Me Interactive Whiteboard: http://www.itunes.apple.com/us/apple/showme- interactive-whiteboard http://www.itunes.apple.com/us/apple/showme- interactive-whiteboard Flash Card Apps Quizlet: http://www.quizlet.com

8. Kidspiration/Inspiration Software http://www.inspiration.com/kidspiration/examples Primary Purpose: Graphic Organizers Strategy Nine: Generating and Testing Hypotheses Technology Applications:

9. Strategy Nine: Generating and Testing Hypotheses Technology Applications: Readwritethink.org – A comprehensive website provided by the International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English. http://www.readthinkwrite.org This site offers over 50 student interactives, many of which can be used to help students organize information. Compare and Contrast map is a great tool to use with students and generating and testing hypotheses.

10. Strategy Nine: Generating and Testing Hypotheses Technology Applications: Illuminations- Comprehensive math website from the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. http://www.illuminations.nctm.or g Student interactive that help students visualize and kinesthetically interact with math concepts. Shape Sorter is a great Illuminations tool to use with students and generating and testing hypotheses.

11. Strategy Nine: Generating and Testing Hypotheses Technology Applications: Intel – Free online tools to help students critically think about content. “Seeing Reason Tool” – Maps out cause and effect relationships to help with complex problems. http://www.intel.com/content/www /us/en/education/k12/thinking- tools/seeing-reason.html “Showing Evidence Tool” – Students can use to create a claim and then either support or refute it with appropriate evidence. http://www.intel.com/content/www /us/en/education/k12/thinking- tools/showing-evidence.html

12. Conclusion: Marzano’s Nine Teaching Strategies 1.Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback 2.Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition 3.Cooperative Learning 4.Cues, Questions, and Advance Organizers 5.Nonlinguistic Representations 6.Summarizing and Note-taking 7.Homework and Practice 8.Identifying Similarities and Differences 9.Generating and Testing Hypotheses