1. Figure 7.4 A prokaryotic cell

2. Cell Sizes Average Animal Cell – 15 microns Average Plant Cell – 40 microns Average Eukaryotic Cell :10-100 microns Average Prokaryotic Cell: 1-10 microns

4. Figure 7.7 Overview of an animal cell

6. Figure 7.8 Overview of a plant cell

8. Figure 8.6 The detailed structure of an animal cell’s plasma membrane, in cross section

9. Figure 7.6 The plasma membrane

10. Cell or Plasma Membrane “Fluid Mosaic” Model Lipid Bilayer (made of phospholipids) Proteins embedded throughout Semi-permeable or Selectively Permeable

11. Nuclear Envelope/Membrane Double Membrane that surrounds the nucleus Lined with pores Supported by nuclear lamina

12. Figure 7.9 The nucleus and its envelope

13. Nucleolus Inside the Nucleus Site of Ribosome Synthesis

14. Figure 7.10 Ribosomes

15. Figure 7.11 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

16. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough ER Intercellular transport of materials, particularly proteins; lined with ribosomes

17. Smooth ER breaks down toxic substances, regulates Ca levels, synthesizes steroids and other lipids

18. Figure 7.12 The Golgi apparatus

19. Golgi Apparatus Modifies proteins and other substances from the ER for export from the cell

20. Figure 7.13 Lysosomes

21. Figure 7.14 The formation and functions of lysosomes (Layer 3)

22. Lysosomes Digest cellular waste and foreign substances Are made cooperatively by the ER and Golgi Apparatus

23. Figure 7.18 The chloroplast, site of photosynthesis

24. Plastids May be called chromoplasts or leukoplasts Store starch or fat Or contain pigments such as chlorophyll or xanthophyll

25. Figure 7.17 The mitochondrion, site of cellular respiration

26. Mitochondrion Site of cellular respiration and synthesis of ATP

27. Figure 7.19 Peroxisomes

28. Peroxisomes Contain an assortment of enzymes that perform such roles as detoxification of alcohol, breaking down of fatty acids Produces H 2 O 2 in the process

29. Figure 7.15 The plant cell vacuole

30. Vacuoles Store water, salts, proteins, carbohydrates, or enzymes

31. Cytoskeleton Protein strands that give the cell its shape and size Helps organize the location of organelles and their activities

32. Figure 7.20 The cytoskeleton

33. Figure 7.22 Centrosome containing a pair of centrioles

34. Centrioles Appear during mitosis in animal cells; are composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules in a ring Centrosome Area from which the centrioles radiate during mitosis

35. There are three main types of fibers the make up the cytoskeleton: 1) Microtubules 2) Microfilaments 3) Intermediate Filaments

36. Microtubules Are made of the protein tubulin Shape and support the cell Are responsible for the separation of chromosomes during cell division

37. Cilia and Flagella In eukaryotes, a specialized arrangement (“9 + 2”) of microtubules is responsible for the beating of flagella and cilia The protein, dynein, is responsible for the movement

39. Figure 7.25 How dynein “walking” moves cilia and flagella

40. Figure 7.23 A comparison of the beating of flagella and cilia

41. Figure 7.23x Sea urchin sperm

42. The microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum is anchored in the cell by a Basal Body, which is structurally identical to a centriole.

43. Microfilaments Made of the protein actin Located in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells Works with myosin to cause cell contractions

44. Microfilaments also aid in Cell motility (Ex: pseudopodia) Cell division (cleavage furrow formation) Cytoplasmic Streaming

45. Figure 7.27 Microfilaments and motility

46. Figure 7.26 A structural role of microfilaments

47. Intermediate Filaments Anchor nucleus and other organelles Reinforces cell shape Make up nuclear lamina that lines the interior of the nuclear envelope

48. Figure 7.28 Plant cell walls

49. Figure 7.29 Extracellular matrix (ECM) of an animal cell

50. Figure 7.30 Intercellular junctions in animal tissues

51. 1)What is the function of the cell membrane? 2) All cells are classified as either _______ or _____.

52. 3) Under the microscope, bacteria are typically measured in ___________ (units). 4) Two similarities between plant and animal cells are.... two differences are....

53. 5) The term used to describe the fact that the cell membrane allows some materials in and keeps others out is... 6) The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of: