1. Viktor Krivenkov Pavel Titov Roman Zinovjev Dmitry Pinezhko TTK/UAS, 2010

2. …below the ground level… …supports the superstructure…

3. …direct contact with the ground… …transfers the loads of the structure…

4. Foundation StripRaftPadPile

5. Supporting loads of building… Supporting load – bearing walls

6. Strip foundations are the most common type used…

7. They are created by excavating a trench deep enough

8. C oncrete slab

9. «+»  Cheap  Sturdy

10. «-»  V ery low elevation  T he potential for large heat losses  T he lack of access from below for utility lines

11. Slab-on-grade foundations are commonly used in areas with expansive clay soil

12. Deep foundation Reasons:  very large loads  poor soil  site constraints

13. Made of:  Timber  Steel  Reinforced concrete  Pre-tensioned concrete Length: 4 – 12 m

14. Prefabricated piles are driven into the ground using a pile driver.

15. When the weight reaches its highest point it is then released and smashes on to the pile in order to drive it into the ground

16. A drilled pier is a deep foundation system that is constructed by placing fresh concrete and reinforcing steel into a drilled shaft.

17. Pad foundation consists of columns Columns:  Circular  Square  Reactangular

18. Soil that is not liable for movements

19. «+»  Economical  Strong  Does not need additional hydroisolation works

20. «-»  Lightweight buildings  Can´t be built subbasement