1. CEA Saclay, April 24, 2009 SPIRAL2 at GANIL SPIRAL2 Phase 1 and Phase 2 New equipment at SPIRAL2 DESIR facility DESIR physics programme Safety around DESIR Bertram Blank CEN Bordeaux-Gradignan

2. Phase 1 2012 Accelerator S3 NFS DESIR RIB PRODUCTION Phase 2 2013/4 Existing GANIL facility

4. Spins&Shapes Position of drip-lines Position of drip-lines N=Z rp-process Heavy and Super Heavy Elements Heavy and Super Heavy Elements r-process path Haloes & Structures in the Continuum Equation of State Role of Isospin Equation of State Role of Isospin Spins & Shapes Shell structure far from stability Shell structure far from stability Neutrons for science Atomic & solid state physics Radiobiology & Isotope production Neutrons for science Atomic & solid state physics Radiobiology & Isotope production ISOSPIN DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN NUCLEAR FORCES ISOSPIN DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN NUCLEAR FORCES www.ganil.fr/research/developments/spiral2/

5. Particle Array Gamma Array AGATA PARIS GASPARD FAZIA EXOGAM 2 ACTAR NFS S3S3 DESIR 2006-2007: 19 Letters of Intent, 600 physicists from 34 countries 2008-2009: TDR for big instrumentation at SPIRAL2

6. DESIR Low-energy beams from: S1, S2, S3 S3 Production building SPIRAL2 (S2) GANIL – SPIRAL1 (S1)

7. Projectile or target fragmentation at 95 MeV/A main interest: very neutron- and proton-rich light nuclei 1+  n+

8. Fission, fusion evaporation, DIC main interest: - fission products - medium-mass proton-rich nuclei UCx 2H2H IS UCxIS HI n 2H2H Target 2H2H IS n Target IS Converter

9. LISOL Gas catcher Fusion-evaporation reactions at Coulomb Barrier, DIC main interest: - very heavy nuclei - N=Z nuclei - very short-lived isotopes - refractory elements G. Savard et al.

10. to DESIR Identification station to CIME RFQ-HRS  m/m = 20000

11. Optical studies for double HRS are under way: aim is m/  m = 20000 for 2  mm mrad to DESIR Identification station to CIME RFQ-HRS Teresa Kurtukian Nieto, CENBG

12. Length = 70 cm Radius = 3mm Florian Duval, Gilles Ban, Dave Lunney

13. Gas : Helium at 10 -2 mbar ΔE ≈ 0.18eV (before re- acceleration)

14. Without gas : 12 π.mm.mradHelium at 10 -2 mbar : 4.75 π.mm.mrad 4.75 π.mm.mrad @ 3keV → ≈ 1 π.mm.mrad @ 60keV Still under investigation : –RF heating –Residual gas effect outside the RFQ section –Charge-exchange process

15. Laser room (mezzanine) Meeting room (on top of DAQ) Kitchen + WC (on top of CR) MLL trap Collinear Laser spectroscopy  -NMR RFQ bun- cher Penning trap + Decay setup Paul trap General purpose SAS Electronics Desk Access 5 m Beam from Level -1 TAS Neutron ditch Crane access to basement Double MOT General purpose IS Identification station with tape LN2 Gas & waste storage LUMIERE BESTIOL DAQ room Control room off-line source 2 off-line source 1

16. Supply Electri- city Gray Room 2 Gray Room 1 Assembly Room 3 Control Racks Interfaces HV supplies Crane access to basement Stor- age 1 Assembly Room 2 Assembly Room 1 Stor- age 2 Radio lab 5 m storage Limits of DESIR hall free Beam from Production building, S3 and SPIRAL1 Work shop X Identification and radioprotection measurements Neutron ditch

17. RFQ SHIRAC:Gilles Ban HRS: Bertram Blank DESIR building:Franck Delalee General purpose ion buncher GPIB + stable ion sources: Pierre Delahaye Identification station:Philippe Dessagne Beam transport lines: Francois Le Blanc Safety and security:Jean-Charles Thomas Command / Control, diagnostics:Stéphane Grévy

18. submitted on December 19, 2008 presented to SPIRAL2 SAC on January 29, 2009 strongly supported by SPIRAL2 SAC…. about 100 pages of technical description of DESIR facility and its equipment co-signed by 111 physicists and engineers of 15 countries contains a general description of buildings and interfaces description of major installations like traps, spectroscopy setups etc report available on DESIR web page (www.cenbg.in2p3.fr/desir)www.cenbg.in2p3.fr/desir

19. Collinear Laser spectroscopy: - spins - magnetic moments - quadrupole moments - change of charge radii  -NMR spectroscopy: - nuclear gyromagnetic factor - quadrupole moment N=50, N=64, N=82, … Microwave double resonance in a Paul trap: - hyperfine anomaly and higher order momenta (octupole and hexadecapole deformation) Eu, Cs, Au, Rn, Fr, Ra, Am …. LUMIERE Laser tilisation for Measurement and Laser Utilisation for Measurement and Ionization of Exotic Radioactive Elements F. Le Blanc,Orsay G. Neyens, Leuven P. Campbell, Manchester

20. Decay studies with halo nuclei Clustering studies in light nuclei  -delayed charged-particle emission: e.g. proton-proton correlation Super-allowed  decays and the standard model of electro-weak interaction Deformation and Gamow-Teller distribution 2n correlations, P n and nuclear structure (r-process)... BESTIOL BESTIOL BEta decay STudies at the SPIRAL2 IsOL facility TETRA, Y. Penionzhkevich (Dubna) TAS, J.L. Tain (Valencia)  setup, B. Blank (Bordeaux) M.J.G. Borge, Madrid

21. MLLTRAP High-accuracy mass measurements - unitarity of CKM matrix (V ud ): 50 Mn, 54 Co with  M/M~10 -10 - transuranium isotopes (beams from S 3 ): M(Z>102) In-trap spectroscopy: - conversion electron and  spectroscopy: shape coexistence Trap-assisted spectroscopy -  decay studies of isomerically pure radioactive species P. Thirolf, Munich Set-up being installed at MLL/Garching

22. KVI atomic trapping facility New limits on scalar and tensor contributions in the weak interaction New limits on time-reversal violation in beta decay Systematic of atomic parity non-conservation in a long isotopic chain H. Wilschut, Groningen Experimental set-up at KVI

23. DESIR: 29 weeks of RIB/year: 10 weeks of RIB from SPIRAL2, 4 weeks from S3, 15 weeks from SPIRAL1 DESIR: 29 weeks of RIB/year: 10 weeks of RIB from SPIRAL2, 4 weeks from S3, 15 weeks from SPIRAL1 Standard planning; one production cave

24. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DESIR building + beam lines to DESIR : green zones on and off operation -> controlled accesses -> activity confinement and monitoring (external exposure dose rate + inhalation risks) -> limited impact on the environment -> impact evaluation prior to experiments -> technical solutions to limit the risks

25. The Dose rate issue (DeD) working area: DeD < 7.5 µSv/h < 2 mSv/year/worker temporary working area (< 10 min): DeD < 100 µSv/h RFQ – HRS: very high activities RIB from S1: (10 8 pps 19 Ne) -> definitely an issue but: short lifetime and temporary shielding can be mounted (30 cm air + 30 cm concrete) RIB from S2: can be an issue if long-lived and produced at high yields + contaminants RIB from S3: I < 10 6 pps, N~Z nuclei : can be an issue depending on the selectivity,  emitters

26. Accidental activity release (inhalation risks) Example of 131 I: T 1/2 = 8.02 d LPCA = 400 Bq/m 3 assuming a 100 % release at room temperature -> Considering a release volume of 10*10*5 m 3 = 500 m 3, A( 131 I) MAX = 2.E+05 Bq i.e. A( 131 I) MAX = 2.4E+06 pps for 1 day of implantation For any RIB presenting inhalation risks: induced LPCA in Bq/m 3 associated with a dose limitation (20 mSv for 2000 h and 1.2 m 3 /h inhalation) DESIR safety requirement : released activity cooling to be considered)

27. 132 Sn only In target yield (10 14 f/s) 7.7 10 11 to 7.9 10 11 V = 500 m 3 Collection time I MAX (pps) for 1 LPCA Cooling time to reach 0.01 LPCA 1 d8.5E+0622 d Beam intensity limitation ~10 5

28. Simulation of a laser spectroscopy experiment: 6 runs * 1 day on 132-137 Sn, delivered as pure beams V = 500 m 3 Beam I MAX (pps) for 1 LPCA I RED (pps) for 1 day 132 Sn8.5E+068.5E+05 133 Sn1.9E+061.9E+05 134 Sn7.6E+067.6E+05 135 Sn6.7E+066.7E+05 136 Sn1.3E+071.3E+06 137 Sn5.2E+075.2E+06

29. Without isotopic separation: 132 Sn case stable V = 500 m 3 Beam I MAX (pps) for 1 LPCA 132 Sn only8.5E+06 132 Sn without isotopic separation 5.7E+05

30. Simulation of a laser spectroscopy experiment: 6 runs * 1 day on 132-137 Sn, without isotopic separation V = 500 m 3 Sn only No isotopic separation Beam I MAX (pps) for 1 LPCA 132 Sn8.5E+065.7E+05 133 Sn1.9E+063.3E+04 134 Sn7.6E+069.5E+04 135 Sn6.7E+063.1E+03 136 Sn1.3E+071.3E+05 137 Sn5.2E+072.1E+04 No isotopic separation 5.E+04 132 Sn 1.E+04 133 Sn 1.E+04 134 Sn 3.E+03 135 Sn 5.E+03 136 Sn 1.E+04 137 Sn I MAX (pps) for 1 LPCA Beam V = 500 m 3

31. Technical solutions  External dose rate exposure: local shielding + DeD monitoring  Activity confinement: vacuum + specific dismounting procedures  Limited impact on the environment: low depression + limited amount of activity < 100 MBq (activity inventory)  “On-line” beam monitoring before the DESIR building: dedicated DeD monitoring station + beam stopper

32. Beam intensity limitations  pepperpots  selectivity (ionization process + mass separation) -> both need to be controlled

33. Next steps  DESIR safety report (including technical solutions) to be produced by the end of 2009  Impact evaluation taking into account realistic ionization efficiencies, mass separation resolutions and release fractions -> what are the RIBs of interest?

34. Phase I Phase II

35. RFQ: on-going tests, study of “nuclearisation”, study of final version of RFQ HRS: detailed optical study of new ALPHA version, detailed mechanical study beam lines: preliminary design, cost estimate, detailed design study stable ion sources: definition, purchase GPIB: study and construction Identification station: preliminary design, detailed design, construction DESIR building: like SPIRAL2 Phase 2 construction program…. decision about construction at latest mid 2010 Safety schemes ……