1. Research Paper Tips

2. Tips we’re going to cover today: Evaluating a Website Evaluating a Website Avoiding Plagiarism Avoiding Plagiarism Levels of Evidence Levels of Evidence Types of Research Types of Research Format / Works Cited Format / Works Cited Outline / Parts of the Paper Outline / Parts of the Paper

3. Evaluating a Website You can’t believe everything you read, whether it’s in a book or on a website. How do you know what you can trust?! There are five different kinds of websites:  Advocacy (Political parties, gun rights, abortion rights)  Business/Marketing (Trying to promote/sell something)  Informational (Educational or Government agencies)  News (CNN, newspapers)  Personal (Published by an individual) Be sure the site’s purpose is clear and that you’re not being tricked into giving out information or pressured to buy something. Be sure the info is up-to-date. It’s wise to be skeptical and use critical thinking skills!

4. Avoid Plagiarism Avoid Plagiarism occurs when you use another person’s words, expressions or ideas, but you do not acknowledge the source.  Enclose quotation marks around all material that is directly quoted.  Cite the information source when you restate an idea, opinion or thesis by an author, if you restate an expert’s theory or opinion, if you use facts that are not common knowledge, or if you need to provide an informational or explanatory note.

5. Levels of Evidence  FACT: strongest / measurable supported by research  OPINION or PREFERENCE: weakest / fiction, majority of people  BELIEF or Faith: can never be proven

6. Primary vs. Secondary Sources  A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study.  A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event.

7. Examples of Primary Sources  ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records  CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art  RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings  Examples of primary sources include:  Diary of Anne Frank - Experiences of a Jewish family during WWII  The Constitution of Canada - Canadian History  A journal article reporting NEW research or findings  Weavings and pottery - Native American history  Plato's Republic - Women in Ancient Greece

8. Examples of Secondary Sources  PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias  Examples of secondary sources include:  A journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews previous findings  A history textbook  A book about the effects of WWI

9. Types of Research  Internet  Library / Media Center Books Magazines Encyclopedia  Personal Interview  No Wikipedia!

10. Works Cited  FORMAT MLA…most of the time APA…some of the time Examples of MLA and APA can be found on many websites, just “google” the terms. Style Guides are also available online.

11. Outline Title (Centered or left-aligned) I. Introduction A. Premise/Thesis B. Statement of points II. II. Body A. Point 1 1. Supporting Information 2. Supporting Information B. Point 2 1. Supporting Information 2. Supporting Information III. III. Conclusion/Summary A. Summary of supporting information B. Conclusion reached (Restatement of premise) IV. IV. Citations

12. In Conclusion…  Research papers are great fun!  You’ll do many of them throughout your educational career.  You’ll probably do something like a research paper many times in your life.  You’ll benefit from learning to do it right the first time! We hope these tips have helped you.  Now we’ll go to the Media Center’s webpage and look at some good resources.