1. The Wonderful World of Plants

2. The Basics

3. All plants are eukaryotic autotrophs H 2 0 + CO 2 → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 0 2 This reaction takes place in the chloroplast with the help of a photosynthetic pigment such as chlorophyll.

4. The Divisions of Plants

5. Plant Divisions Plants are divided into groups based on: 1. whether or not they have vascular conducting tissues. Xylem – moves water from the roots up to the leaves Phloem – moves sugars made in the leaves down to the roots. 2. whether or not they make seeds. 3. whether or not they have flowers. The four groups are: 1. bryophytes (mosses) 2. seedless vascular plants (ferns) 3. gymnosperms (cone bearers) 4. angiosperms (flowering plants)

6. Bryophytes Examples include mosses and liverworts.

7. Characteristics of Bryophytes Bryophytes do not have special tissues to conduct food and water. They rely on osmosis to move water around their bodies. Because of this, they don’t get very tall. They rely on water to be able to reproduce because the sperm swim through water to the eggs.

8. Moss sporophyte and gametophyte

9. Seedless Vascular Plants Ferns are vascular which means they have xylem and phloem. Xylem and phloem allow plants to grow taller than mosses. Ferns are seedless plants. They make spores.

10. Ferns

11. Ferns reproduce with spores

12. Horsetails and club mosses are close relatives of ferns

13. The Seed Plants Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

14. Gymnosperms Have vascular tissue. Make seeds. Do not have flowers, but they do have cones.

15. Gymnosperm cones…male and female. Which is which?

16. Gymnosperms include conifers and ginkgoes

17. Angiosperms Have vascular tissue. Make seeds. Do have flowers.

18. Angiosperms include any flowering plant…tulips, cherry trees, zinnias

19. Flower Structure and Seed Dispersal

20. Angiosperms Flowers contain ovaries which protect the egg. Somehow, sperm needs to get to the egg. Once the egg is fertilized, it turns into a seed. Somehow the seeds need to be dispersed – spread away from the parents.

21. Flower Structure Female PartMale Part

22. Seed dispersal Seed dispersal can be by wind or animal (eaten/hitchhiking)

23. Angiosperms can be Further Divided

24. Angiosperms can be divided into Monocots and Dicots MonocotsDicots Single cotyledonTwo cotyledons Parallel leaf veinsBranched leaf veins Flower petals in 3’sFlower petals in 4’s or 5’s Roots are fibrousOne big tap root

25. Seeds

26. Leaf Vein Patterns

27. Flowers

28. Roots

29. Plants Do Cool Stuff

30. Plants can maintain homeostasis

31. Phototropism Phototropism is the movement of plants towards light.

32. Gravitropism/Geotropism Roots move down and shoots grow up in the dark in response to gravity.

33. These plants were situated in various positions, but the shoots continued to move against gravity.

34. Thigmotropism Thigmotropism is a plant’s response to touch. This plant responds to a stationary object by wrapping its stem around it to anchor itself.

35. This plant responds to touch by wilting. What advantage may this be to the plant?

36. Photoperiodism - Some plants respond to the amount of daylight – Poinsettia turn red and flower in response to shorter days

37. Some plants “eat” animals Pitcher Plant

38. Sundew

39. Venus Fly Trap