1. An Emerging World Power, Part II

2. Completely Useless Information The average human eats eight bugs or spiders in their lifetime while sleeping. Termites eat wood twice as fast when listening to Heavy Metal music. There are more Barbie dolls in Italy than there are Canadians in Canada.

3. Reasons Against Imperialism Growth in international trade occurred from the late 1800s to World War I: the first era of true “global economy.” International trade did not require the United States to become involved in the politics of other people, which would lead to conflict. Imperialism was in contradiction to American founding principles: liberty, equality, and self- government. Foreign entanglements (George Washington??) would lead to war with native peoples and other nations disrupting the American economy.

4. An Independent Cuba? Following the Spanish American War, Cuba formed a new government. United States insisted that the Platt Amendment be added to the new Cuban constitution: – Cuba could not make treaties that would allow other countries to control parts of its territories. – United States could intervene in Cuba. – Cuba could not go into debt. – The United States could buy/lease land in Cuba for naval purposes. Cuba became a United States protectorate - allowed for the protection of American business interests.

5. The Not - So Independent Philippines Filipinos were upset because they had not received independence like Cuba - believed the United States promised them independence. A revolt against American control broke out. Americans forced Filipinos to live in designated areas with poor sanitation where starvation and disease were rampant. – Americans playing the role of Spain in Cuba?

6. The Not-So Independent Philippines (cont.) 70,000 U.S. troops sent to put down the rebellion. – Took three years, cost 20,000 Filipino lives, and cost the United States $400 million. Philippines remained an American colony until 1946.

7. Open the Door to Asia Major European powers, Russia, and Japan had established prosperous spheres of influence along the Chinese coast. – Americans feared being shutout – wanted access to Chinese markets. Secretary of State John Hay issued the Open Door notes that called for equal trading rights in China for all imperial powers to avoid one country securing a monopoly.

8. Open the Door to Asia (cont.) Created the Open Door Policy: – Equal trading rights for all powers – All powers must respect Chinese sovereignty (self- government) – U.S. shared trade with other powers until 1940s and the outbreak of World War II – Increased U.S. role in Asia

9. Latin America Panama: – At the beginning of the 20 th century, Roosevelt wanted to build a canal to shorten distance between west and east coasts and allow navy to move between colonies in Caribbean and Pacific. – Panama, a Colombian province, was identified as the ideal location. – Roosevelt offered Colombia 10 million and $250,000 annually to lease the canal zone forever. Colombians wanted a better deal and refused.

10. Latin America (cont.) – Roosevelt encouraged Panamanians to revolt and blocked Colombia with U.S. Navy. – U.S. recognized the new government of Panama, who granted the United States the lease, and the Panama Canal was completed in 1914. – Colombia remained very angry as did rest of Latin America.

11. Latin America (cont.) The Roosevelt Corollary: – Latin American nations owed debts to Europeans and were not paying them. Europeans threatened to invade if payment was not received. – Roosevelt instructed European countries that the Monroe Doctrine restricted them from interfering. He proposed expanding the Monroe Doctrine to allow the U.S. to intervene in Latin American nations economic affairs to force them to pay their debts-the Roosevelt Corollary.

12. Latin America (cont.) – Europeans were very happy, while Latin Americans became angrier. – Dollar Diplomacy - President Taft expanded the Roosevelt Corollary, urging American businesses to invest in Latin America. Promised that the United States would step in if unrest threatened investments.

13. The World at War Most Americans wanted to maintain neutrality as Europeans went off to war in 1914, but the same reasons Europeans fought caused pressure on the United States. Causes of World War I: 1)Alliances: Gave countries a sense of security until war declarations were made Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and later Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. (Triple Alliance) Allies: France, Britain, Russia, later Japan, Italy, and the United States(Triple Entente)

14. The World at War (cont.) 2)Militarism: Intense military buildup as a demonstration of national pride and power. 3)Imperialism: Expansion and acquisition of colonies overseas. 4)Nationalism: Intense nationalism led many nations to believe they were superior to others and thus unbeatable in conflict. Caused competition and rivalries.

15. Should They Stay or Should They Go? Most Americans saw no reason to join a fight 3,000 miles away, but public opinion was divided and events would eventually lead American into the deadly trenches that spread across the French countryside…