1. Progress in Agriculture Competencies 1.02-2.02

2. Exit ticket  1. Who invented the tractor?  2. Who invented the milking machine?  3. How many tons of hay did Durham harvest last year?

3. “Contrasting sharply, in the developing countries represented by India, Pakistan, and most of the countries in Asia and Africa, 70-80 % of the population is engaged in agriculture, mostly at the subsistence level.” N. Borlaug Write the quote then answer the following: 1.What is the percentage of the U.S. population is engaged in Ag.? 2.Subsistence level=all you have to eat is what you grow/raise yourself. Do we do this in the U.S.? How would you describe our level of agriculture? 3.Why do these countries do this?

4. “In Old Europe and Ancient Crete, women were respected for their roles in the discovery of agriculture and for inventing the arts of weaving and pottery making.” Carol P. Christ Summarize quote then answer: What did people do before agriculture? Why did they change? Why do you think women discovered agriculture? Why would women also invent pottery and weaving?

5. Why Is Agriculture Important?  On a piece of Paper 1.Write down 5 things that come to mind when you here the word agriculture 2. Write down how you have interacted with agriculture today

6. Board-warmer Write questions and answer:  1. In 1878 a milking machine was invented by?  2. The reaper was invented by Cyrus McCormick in 1834 to?  3. About what percent of the work force is on the farm in the United States?

7.  “Because of technological limits, there is a certain amount of food that we can produce per acre. If we were to have intensive greenhouse agriculture, we could have much higher production.” Ralph Merkle  SUMMARIZE then answer:  1. What is the question agriculture will have to answer as our population rises?  2. Is Ralph Merkle correct, that greenhouse production=highest production? Why or why not?

8. Exit Ticket With your elbow buddy discuss:  1. What was the MOST important invention in agriculture  2. What is the most unique product we grow in NC?  3. What advances in the future can agriculture make to feed the growing population?

9. NC AG Project  In a group of 3-4 draw out North Carolina  Cut out or draw different Agriculture products  Place them in the correct areas of the state

10. "I find that the harder I work, the more luck I seem to have." - Thomas Jefferson  Summarize then answer:  Thomas Jefferson was a founding father, a President, and a inventor.  1. What was more important to him, luck or hard work?  2. How can hard work lead to luck?  3. Are you relying on hard work or luck?

11. Progress Through Engineering  Little progress in agriculture is recorded before 1800 AD  The use of Iron revolutionized American and European agriculture  Most of the world did not catch on as fast

12. Progress Through Engineering  Mechanization helps less than 2% of America’s work force meet the food and fiber needs of our nation  There has been a reduction of 90% of our nation’s population involved in production farming over the last 200 years

13. What has happened to help us live the lives we do, instead of always farming? How has our agriculture improved so much over other countries?  Critical Questions

14. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin

15. Eli Whitney  Invented the cotton gin  1793  Removed cotton seed from cotton fiber  Transformed cotton to a usable product

16. Katherine Greene  Widow of Revolutionary general, Nathaniel Greene  Whitney worked on Ms. Greene’s farm  Some say Ms. Greene invented the cotton gin

17. Cutting Grain  With the sickle or reaping hook one man could cut from one-half to one acre in a hard day's work.  The cut grain was later bound by hand

18. Cyrus McCormick  Invented the grain reaper  1834  Cut grains  Cut wheat, oats, and other crops

19. The Reaper

20.  First machine required 2 people for operation  One person to ride the horse and  Another to rake the cut grain from the platform  Cut as much grain in one day as 12-16 men with reaping hooks.

21. Farm Machinery and Technology 1776 - 1799  cradle and scythe introduced (1790’s)  invention of cotton gin (1793)  moldboard of least resistance tested (1794)  patented first cast-iron plow Eli Whitney Thomas Jefferson Charles Newbold

22. Cast Iron Plow  Invented in the early 1800’s  Charles Newbold  Rough surface that dirt stuck to

23. Steel Moldboard Plow  Invented 1837  John Deere  Smoother surface  Rich clay soil did not stick to it  Made plowing easier and faster

26. Corn Picker  Invented in 1850  Edmund Quincy  Helped speed up the harvesting of corn

27. Corn Picker

28. Milking Machine  Invented in 1878  Anna Baldwin  Used vacuum suction  Replaced hand milking

29. Tractor  Invented in 1904  Benjamin Holt  Replaced the mule as a source of power  Horse power

30. The world we live in today!

31. Population Clock  US Clock  http://www.census.gov/population/www/ popclockus.html http://www.census.gov/population/www/ popclockus.html  World Clock  http://www.populationmatters.org/?gclid =CNL2s66x660CFRKR7Qodbldk5A http://www.populationmatters.org/?gclid =CNL2s66x660CFRKR7Qodbldk5A  World,Food, and Land  http://www.worldometers.info/ http://www.worldometers.info/

32. Population Facts!  Worldwide there are over 7 billion people.  ½ of the world population do not have indoor plumbing. (bathroom toilets)  Approximately 1 billion people today do not have adequate diets.  Every minute the world’s population is increasing by 150 people. That is 220,000 people each day. The world population is expected to reach 8 billion by the year 2022.

33. Why is the population increasing at such an fast pace?  More children are surviving childhood – due to better prenatal care and medical science.  Adults are living longer. Average age of death in the US is 77. In Japan its 80, and in Zimbabwe its 38.

34. Problems created from Population Growth  If we cannot feed the world’s population now, how will we feed millions more.  More and more productive farmland is being gobbled up for use for highways, businesses, and homes.  Increased populations have an impact on our environment. (Water, soil, and air)

35. The Challenge: Create more with less resources.  New and modified plants.  Improved growth of livestock  Better understanding of human diets.  Improved conservation methods.  Improved machines.  Be training and sharing of knowledge

36. Agriculture from 1900 until now- the rest of the story.

37. Green Revolution  Process where many countries became self sufficient in food production by using improved technology provided by U. S. agriculture  In the 1950s, we took our agricultural technology to Brazil and taught them how to use it. Today they are our biggest agricultural competitor.

38. Farm Machinery and Technology 1940 - 1970  spindle cotton picker produced commercially (1942)  change from horses to tractors (1945 – 1970)  number of tractors on farms exceeded number of horses (1954) second American agricultural revolution

39. Farm Machinery and Technology 1940 - 1970  99% of sugar beets harvested mechanically (1965)  96% of cotton harvested mechanically (1968)  no-tillage agriculture popularized (1970’s)

40. Green Industry  Growth in the horticulture industry with emphasis on turf and landscape plants.  As people become more affluent they spend their money to improve their surroundings. (plants )

41.  As people have more spare time, they use it for leisure. Golf is the fastest growing sport in the world.

42. Agriculture Trends  20% of all U.S. jobs are agriculturally related in the areas of production of food and fiber, processing of products and distribution, and supplying and servicing the agricultural industry.  The fewest of these jobs are in the production areas.

43. Trends Continued:  The number of U.S. farms continue to decrease and the size of farms increase.  Poultry continues to be the most eaten source of meat protein in the U.S. and is our number one meat export.  Soybeans are the world’s most important source of vegetable oil and provide basic materials for the manufacture of hundreds of products we use everyday.

44. Trends Continued:  The number of jobs available in Agriculture continue to increase, especially for college graduates.  More people are concerned about environmental issues then ever before in history.  People are becoming more concerned about the quality of their food and issues concerning the use of technology in food production is important.

45. NC Agriculture  NC is the 3 rd most diversified state in the nation behind California and Texas.  NC ranks first nationwide in these commodities: Total tobacco, flue-cured tobacco, and sweet potatoes,.  Other top rankings include: 2 nd in hogs, 4 th in greenhouse/nursery products, 4 th in broilers, and 4 th in peanuts.

46.  In the 1990’s NC top three commodities were: tobacco, hogs and broilers  Today in 2009 the top three are, Broilers, Hogs and Greenhouse and Nursery products.  Tobacco which use to be king in NC has dropped to fourth and continues to be on the decline. Why?

47. List of some of NC products: TurkeysBroilersHogs CattleDairySheep GoatsOstrichesEmus EggsQuailDucks HorsesCatfishStriped bass TroutHoneyTobacco CottonSoybeansWheat RyeBarleyCucumbers Sw. potatoesPotatoesHay PeanutsBlueberriespeppers

48. Products continued: CabbageTomatoesWatermelons CantaloupesSnap beansStrawberries Sweet cornGrapesApples PeachesPecansChrist. Trees FlowersNursery plantsRabbits GreensOnionsCarrots BeetsRutabagasSquash Egg plantsCornOats

49. Factors that make NC attractive for Agriculture  Overall Climate (three geographic regions with varied weather)  Highway system  Location along the eastern seaboard of the U.S.  Two Ports (Wilmington and Morehead City)

50. A Changing NC  75% of NC population live in 7 urban counties.  Becoming more of an urban state and less agricultural.  Tourism is a major industry in NC  Becoming a technological society vs. agricultural society. (RTP)

51. Agricultural Careers  65% of all new jobs are skilled jobs. (Usually require some additional training beyond high school.  20% of all jobs will continue to be professional jobs (4yr college degree)  Needs of the 21 st Century Workforce: Education, Work Ethic, Leadership, Honesty, and Integrity

52. Exit Ticket Write the question then answer: 1. How many people in the world live in poverty? 2. What are NC’s top agriculture commodities today? 3. The process where many countries became self-sufficient in food production in the 1960s.

53. Pre-Quiz  Number your paper 1-15  Answer questions by writing letter and answer (ex: C. Stay the same)  This will be graded as a lab grade

54. 1. The agriscience industry that involves the management of wetlands, rangelands, water, fish, and wildlife is: A. Agriscience supplies and services. B. Renewable natural resources. C. Production agriscience. D. Forestry.

55.  2. The trend in agriculture is for increased: A. Commercialization. B. Independent farmers. C. Pesticide use. D. Land use.

56.  3. The agriscience industry composed of people who haul, grade, process, package, and market commodities from production sources is: A. Agriscience processing, products, and distribution. B. Agriscience supplies and services. C. Agriscience mechanics. D. Agriscience professions.

57.  4. The career area that offers the highest percent of opportunities for college graduates in agriscience is: A. Marketing, merchandising, and sales representatives. B. Agricultural production specialists. C. Scientists, engineers, and related professionals. D. Education and communication specialists.

58.  5. The design, operation, maintenance, service, selling, and use of power units, machinery, equipment structures, and utilities in agriscience is: A. Agriscience mechanics. B. Agriscience supplies and services. C. Horticulture. D. Forestry.

59.  6. The agriscience industry that includes producing, processing, and marketing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants is: A. Production agriscience. B. Forestry. C. Renewable natural resources. D. Horticulture.

60.  7. The industry that grows, manages, and harvests trees for lumber, poles, posts, pulpwood, and many other commodities is: A. Renewable natural resources. B. Horticulture. C. Production agriscience. D. Forestry.

61.  8. The reaper was invented by Cyrus McCormick in 1834 to: A. Cut and stack grain in the field. B. Gather hay crops and put them in bales. C. Shell corn from the cob. D. Cut grain in the field.

62.  9. About what percent of the work force is on the farm in the United States? A. 12 B. 7 C. 2 D. 10

63.  10. The tractor largely replaced the mule for horsepower and was invented by: A. Benjamin Holt. B. Anna Baldwin. C. Eli Whitney. D. Edmund Quincy.

64.  11. John Deere Company is still a leader in the agricultural equipment industry, but got it starts with the invention of the: A. Corn picker. B. Tractor. C. Milking machine. D. Steel moldboard plow.

65.  12. The cotton gin removes the cottonseed from the cotton fiber and was invented by: A. Anna Baldwin. B. Edmund Quincy. C. Eli Whitney. D. Benjamin Holt.

66.  13. In 1878 a milking machine was invented by: A. Eli Whitney. B. Anna Baldwin. C. John Deere. D. Massey Ferguson.

67.  14. Which crop produces a grain export that consistently ranks at the top of United States crop exports? A. Corn B. Cotton C. Sweet potatoes D. Tobacco

68.  15. Agriscience accounts for what percent of the jobs in the United States? A. 30 B. 20 C. 40 D. 10

69.  In 1997-1998, the top three agricultural commodities in cash receipts for North Carolina were:  ? Cotton, cattle, and tobacco.  ? Turkeys, corn, and soybeans.  ? Broilers, corn, and wheat.  ? Hogs, broilers, and tobacco.

70.  What is the world's most important source of vegetable oil, that provides the basic materials for hundreds of products?  ? Soybean  ? Corn kernel  ? Sunflower seed  ? Peanut

71.  What was the number one meat export from the United States in 1992-1997?  ? Sheep  ? Poultry  ? Pork  ? Beef

72.  The process where many countries became self-sufficient in food production in the 1960s by utilizing improved varieties and practices was the:  ? Industrial Revolution.  ? Agricultural Revolution.  ? Technology Revolution.  ? Green

73.  As the average number of farms decrease in the United States, what will happen to the average farm size?  ? Decrease slightly  ? Increase significantly  ? Stay the same  ? Decrease by more than 50%