1. S7-200 PLC training courses
Siemens
S7-200 PLC training courses

2. PLC history Classical control - More complicated
- Longer time for maintenance
- Time consuming troubleshooting
- Occupies larger area in switchboards
- Requires more wiring
- Standard reliability

3. -More inputs and outputs points
History
Large projects requirements
-More inputs and outputs points
-Large program memory
-Several programming instructions
-Communication with other equipments
-Deal with analogue signals
-Deal with large number of counters, timers
and markers

4. History
Historical view

5. Course contents Introduction to PLC Bit logic compare Timers Counters
Memory instructions
Analog I/O
Move , shift
Practical examples

6. Introduction
What is a PLC

7. Introduction
Basic PLC operation

8. introduction
S7 200 family

9. introduction
S7-200 configuration

10. introduction
S7-200 configuration
mode switch and analog adjustment

11. introduction
S7-200 configuration
optional cartidge

12. Introduction
S7-200 configuration
expansion modules

13. Introduction
S7-200 configuration
status indicator

14. Introduction
S7-200 configuration
I/O numbering

15. Introduction
S7-200 configuration
inputs

16. Introduction
S7-200 configuration
outputs

17. Introduction
S7-200 configuration
programming software

18. Analogue I/O = Typical analogue signals from 0-10 VDC or 4-20 mA
= They are used to represent changing values such as speed, temperature, weight and level

19. Introduction
Analogue outputs may be used to produce variable reference signals for devices such as:
# Control valves
# Chart recorders
# Electric motor drives
# Pressure transducers
# Analogue meters

20. Introduction

21. Introduction

22. Introduction

23. PLC Programming

24. Programming languages
Ladder diagram
The ladder diagram is the most popular programming language
The instructions are represented by graphic symbols:
Contacts, Coils & Boxes
Statement list
Function block

25. Instructions Standard instructions: They are used in most programs.
Examples: timer, counter, math, logical, incr., decr. and move
Special instructions:
They are used to manipulate data
Shift, table, conversion, real time instruction.
High speed instructions:
They allow for events and interrupts to occur independently of the PLC scan time.
Examples: High speed counters and interrupts

26. Bit Logic instruction Input Instructions Normally Open contact
Normally Closed contact
Normally Open Immediate contact
Normally Closed Immediate contact
Positive Transition contact
Negative Transition contact
Not contact

27. Input contacts example

28. Output instructions Output Instruction Output Immediate instruction
No Operation instruction
Set (N bits) instruction
Reset (N bits) instruction
Set Immediate (N bits) instruction
Reset Immediate (N bits) instruction

29. Output, Set & Reset example

30. Starting a motor

31. Hard-wired DOL starting
Circuit Breaker
Contactor
Thermal Overload
Induction Motor
Aux. contact
Contact coil
Stop
O.L. contact
Start
Induction Motor

32. Using PLC
Before start
Starting
After start

33. Stopping

34. Input & Output connections

35. Timer instructions On-Delay Timer Retentive On-Delay Timer
Off-Delay Timer

36. On-Delay & Retentive On-Delay timers
They count time when the enabling input (IN) is ON.
When the current value (Txxx) is > the preset time (PT), the timer bit is ON.
The On-Delay timer current value is cleared when (IN) is OFF, while the current value of the Retentive On-Delay Timer is maintained.
You can use the Retentive On-Delay Timer to accumulate time for multiple periods of the input ON.

37. Off-Delay timer
The Off-Delay Timer is used to delay turning an output OFF for a fixed period of time after the input turns OFF.
When (IN) turns ON, the timer bit turns ON immediately, and the current value is set to 0.
When (IN) turns OFF, the timer counts till PT and the timer bit turns OFF and the current value stops counting.
If the input is OFF for a time shorter than PT, the timer bit remains ON.

38. Timers numbers & resolutions
Note
You cannot share the same timer numbers for TOF and TON.
For example, you cannot have both a TON T32 and a TOF T32.

39. Timer examples
On-Delay
Retentive
On-Delay
Off-Delay

40. Hard-wired on-delay timer

41. Timer example

42. TONR example

43. Timer example

44. Counter instructions Up counter Up/down counter Down counter
A bottling machine, for example, may use a counter to count
bottles into groups of six for packaging.

45. Up-counter
It counts up on the rising edges of the Count Up (CU) input.
When the current value (Cxxx) > (PV), the counter bit (Cxxx) turns on.
The counter is reset when the Reset (R) input turns on.

46. Up/Down counter
It counts up on rising edges of the Count Up (CU) input.
It counts down on the rising edges of the Count Down (CD) input.
When the current value (Cxxx) > (PV), the counter bit (Cxxx) turns on.
The counter is reset when the Reset (R) input turns on.

47. Down counter
It counts down from the PV on the rising edges of the (CD) input .
When the current value is equal to zero, the counter bit (Cxxx)
turns on.
The counter resets the counter bit (Cxxx) and loads the current value with the (PV) when the load input (LD) turns on.

48. Down-counter example

49. Up/down-counter example

50. Counter example
A counter might be used to keep track of the number of vehicles in a parking lot. As vehicles enter the lot through an entrance gate, the counter counts up. As vehicles exit the lot through an exit gate, the counter counts down. When the lot is full a sign at the entrance gate turns on indicating the lot is full.

51. The ladder logic

52. Memory types You can access data in many CPU memory areas
- process image input register (I)
- process image output register (Q)
- variable memory area (V)
- Bit memory area (M)
- sequence control relay memory area (S)
- special memory bits (SM)
- local memory area (L)
- Timer memory area (T)
- counter memory area (C)
- Analog inputs (AI)

53. Memory addressing
Accessing a Bit of Data in the CPU Memory (Byte.bit Addressing)

54. Memory addressing
You can access data in many CPU memory areas (V, I, Q, M, S, L, and SM) as:
bytes, words, or double words by using the byte-address format.

55. Memory types Process-image input register (I)
Format:
Bit I[byte address].[bit address] I0.1
Byte, Word, Double Word I[size][starting byte address] IB4
Process-image output register (Q)
Format:
Bit Q[byte address].[bit address] Q1.1
Byte, Word, Double Word Q[size][starting byte address] QB5
Variable memory area (V)
You can use V memory to:
store intermediate results of the control logic operations.
store other data pertaining to your process or task.
Format:
Bit V[byte address].[bit address] V10.2
Byte, Word, Double Word V[size][starting byte address] VW100

56. Memory types Sequence control relay area (S) Special memory bits (SM)
They are used to organize machine operations or steps into equivalent program segments. SCRs allow logical segmentation of the control
Format:
Bit S[byte address].[bit address] S3.1
Byte, Word, Double Word S[size][starting byte address] SB4
Special memory bits (SM)
The SM bits provide a means for communicating information between the CPU and your program. You can use these bits to select and control some of the special functions of the S7-200 CPU, such as:
• A bit that turns on for the first scan cycle
• Bits that toggle at fixed rates
• Bits that show the status of math or operational instructions
Format:
Bit SM[byte address].[bit address] SM0.1
Byte, Word, Double Word SM[size][starting byte address] SMB86

57. Memory types Local memory area (L)
The S7-200 PLCs provide 64 bytes of local (L) memory of which 60 can be used as scratchpad memory or for passing formal parameters to subroutines.
Format:
Bit L [byte address].[bit address] L0.0
Byte, Word, Double Word L [size] [starting byte address] LB33

58. Memory types Analog inputs (AI)
The S7-200 converts a real-world, analog value (such as temperature or voltage) into a word-length (16-bit) digital value. You access these values by the area identifier (AI), size of the data (W), and the starting byte address. Since analog inputs are words and always start on even-number bytes (such as 0, 2, or 4), you access them with even-number byte addresses (such as AIW0, AIW2, or AIW4),as shown in Figure Analog input values are read-only values.
Format: AIW [starting byte address] AIW4

59. Memory types Analog outputs (AQ)
The S7-200 converts a word-length (16-bit) digital value into a current or voltage, proportional to the digital value (such as for a current or voltage). You write these values by the area identifier (AQ), size of the data (W), and the starting by address. Since analog outputs are words and always start on even-number bytes (such as 0, 2, or 4), you write them with even-number byte addresses (AQW0, AQW2, AQW4),
Format: AQW [starting byte address] AQW4

60. Move instructions
The Move Byte instruction moves the input byte (IN) to the output byte (OUT). The input byte is not altered by the move.
The Move Word instruction moves the input word (IN) to the output word (OUT). The input word is not altered by the move.
The Move Double Word instruction moves the input double word (IN) to the output double word (OUT). The input double word is not altered by the move.
The Move Real instruction moves a 32-bit, real input double word (IN) to the output double word (OUT). The input double word is not altered by the move.

61. The block move instructions
The Block Move Byte instruction moves the number of
bytes (N) from the input address IN to the output address
OUT. N has a range of 1 to 255.
Example

62. Move byte immediate instructions
The Move Byte Immediate Read instruction reads
physical input IN and writes the result in OUT.
The Move Byte Immediate Write instruction reads from
location IN and writes to physical output OUT.

63. Analogue I/O = Typical analogue signals from 0-10 VDC or 4-20 mA
= They are used to represent changing values such as speed, temperature, weight and level
=The expansion module converts the standard voltage and current values to 12-bit digital representation. These digital values are transferred to the PLC for use in its program

64. Analogue outputs may be used to produce variable reference signals for devices such as:
# Control valves
# Chart recorders
# Electric motor drives
# Pressure transducers
# Analogue meters

65. Analog o/p example

66. Analog i/p example

67. Analog i/p example