1. States of Matter What are the 3 states, on Earth? Transitions between them are called….? Interactions between gas molecules? Draw a heating curve for H 2 O (s) from -10°C to +115°C 1

2. Gas Laws What are the 4 variables that define a gas? Write the Combined Gas Law, and solve for T 2 If n & T are constant, what happens to V if P increases? If n & P are constant, what happens to V if T increases? What is the Ideal Gas Law? 2

3. Gases What are the units we will use for measuring P for gases? How do we measure T in gas laws? How do we know the # of moles of gas that we have? For example, if have 5 moles of HCl, and 2 HCl + Zn  ZnCl 2 + H 2, how many moles of H 2 ? 3

4. More Gas Laws What is ‘STP’? What is Avogadro’s 2 nd Law? If 4.0g H 2 + 2.0g He, at STP, what is the V? What is Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures? If 380 mmHg N 2 + 1.0 atm He, what is total pressure in ‘torr’? 4

5. Intermolecular Forces What are the 3 intermolecular forces called? How do each work? Which is the strongest? weakest? How do they affect m. pt. & b. pt.? What else affects these points? What is the definition of b.pt? 5

6. Solutions In a solution, the component in the highest concentration is called ______. And the other components are ________. What are the two kinds of solutions? When no more will dissolve in the solution, it is called_______. 6

7. Electrolytes An electrolyte will ______ ________. What are the 3 kinds of electrolytes? How distinguish between them? Consider: NaCl + H 2 O  Na + + Cl - +….. HF + H 2 O  H 3 O + + F - C 2 H 5 OH (l) + H2O  C 2 H 5 OH (aq) 7

8. Like Dissolves Like What does that title mean? How does ‘dissolving’ work? What’s the process? What is the effect of increasing temp on: –Dissolving solids in liquids? –Dissolving gases in liquids? What happens when you try to add more solute into a saturated solution? If the solubility of NaCl at 40 deg C is 60g, what will happen to a solution made from 31g in 50g H2O? 8

9. Concentrations We studied 4 types of concentration…. What are they? If dissolve 10.0 g of NaCl in 15.0 g of water what is the NaCl concentration? If have 20.0g NaOH in 500. mL soln, what is the M? If we add 1.00L of H 2 O, what is the new M? 9

10. Colligative Properties Colligative properties depend ONLY on ________, and not on_______ ___________. What are examples of some colligative properties? 10

11. Osmosis What is the definition of osmosis? What does Isotonic mean? What concentrations of Saline solution, & glucose solns are Isotonic? What happens of the patient has an IV with 5.0% saline soln? 11

12. Acids & Bases What is the Bronsted-Lowry Definition of an acid? And of a base? How do we recognize an acid by the formula? Consider: HCl & H 2 O  Cl - = H 3 O + Which reactant is the acid? And the base? What are their conjugate pairs? 12

13. More Acids & Bases Consider: SO 4 2- + H 2 O  HSO 4 - + OH - Which reactant is the acid? And the base? What are their conjugate pairs? Name 4 strong acids Name 4 strong bases Something that can be either an acid or base is called…… 13

14. Dissociation of Water What is the name of K w ? What is the formula for K w ? What is the value of K w at 25 deg C ? If [ H 3 O + ] = 1.0 x10 -6 M, what is [OH - ]? What is the pH? Is it acidic, basic or neutral? If [OH - ] = 1 x10 -3 M, what is [ H 3 O + ] ? What is the pH? Is it acidic, basic or neutral? 14

15. Acid-Base Reactions Consider: HNO 3 + Ca(OH) 2  –Complete & Balance the equation. Consider: H 3 PO 4 + Ba(OH) 2  –Complete & Balance the equation. What are these reactions called? Why? 15

16. More Acid-Base Reactions Consider KHCO 3 + H 2 SO 4  Complete & Balance the equation. Consider CaCO 3 + HCl  Complete & Balance the equation. 16

17. Titration What is titration used for? What is the process? How does it work? 17

18. Molarity of H 2 SO 4 ? If it took 22.6 ml of 1.05M NaOH soln to neutralize 10.3 mL of unknown molarity of H 2 SO 4, what was the H 2 SO 4 molarity? 18

19. Buffers What do buffers do? How to make a buffer? Which of the following pairs are buffers? Al(NO 3 ) 3 + HNO 3, HF & KF H 2 CO 3 + CaCO 3, H 2 SO 3 + Ca(HSO 3 ) 2 19

20. Nuclear Radiation What is a radioactive isotope, & what happens to it? List names & formulas for 6 types of radiation. How do we protect ourselves from them? Where does this radiation come from? 20

21. Nuclear Reactions Write balanced equations for the following: –a) Alpha decay of 232 Th, –b) Beta decay of 42 K, –c) Gamma decay 90m Tc, –d) Positron decay of 54 Co –e) 11 C  11 B + ? –f) ? + 40 Ar  43 K + 1 H 21

22. More Nuclear Reactions What is the name of the rxn where two small molecule join together? And the name where one molecule breaks into two or more? Where are these reactions occuring? 22

23. Half-Lives Strontium -89 is r/a, t 1/2 =50. days a) How many p, n and e does Sr-89 have ? b) Write balanced equation for Sr-89 β decay. c) If a vial contains 10.0 µg Sr-89, how much remains after 200. days? 23

24. More? What other questions do you have? What don’t you understand? 24