1. Ch. 4 and 5

2.  Does a community involve abiotic factors?  How does the definition of a population vary from that of a community?

3.  What is potential energy?  Excluding potential and kinetic, name 2 types of energy.

4.  State the 2 laws of thermodynamics.  As a result of the 2 nd law of thermodynamics, how much energy is actually passed from one trophic level to the next?

5.  Name the reactants of photosynthesis.  Name the products of photosynthesis

6.  What is the purpose of cellular respiration?  Why do you think there are a limited number of trophic levels?

7.  Identify the blue whale as either a producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer or tertiary consumer.

8.  What does a pyramid of numbers show?  What does a pyramid of biomass show?  What does a pyramid of energy show?

9.  What is net primary productivity?  Name a type of ecosystem that is not very productive.

10.  Evolution is the ____ change of a species over a period of time.  Summarize the theory of natural selection.

11.  Why do Darwin’s finches represent natural selection?  A receding lake to reveal new sand dunes is an example of _______ succession.

12.  Summarize the difference between primary and secondary succession.  What is a pioneer community?  What is a climax community? Why don’t some scientists think they exist?

13.  Identify a keystone species.  Define mutualism

14.  Why are epiphytes considered an example of commensalism?  When is a parasite considered a pathogen?  Defend the statement that mosquitoes are parasitic.

15.  Name one adaptation of predators.  Name one adaptation of plants to avoid predation.  Name one adaptation of animals that allow them to avoid predation.

16.  How does predation differ from parasitism?  What is interspecific competition?

17.  Why can’t two or more species occupy the exact same niche?  Which is larger typically: fundamental or realized niche?

18.  What could cause an organism’s fundamental niche to change/shrink?  What does carrying capacity mean?

20.  What is an ecotone and how does it create the edge effect?  How does geographical isolation affect species richness?

21.  Why effect does an ecotone have on available niches?  Coasts provide a buffer against storms. Why is this an example of an ecosystem service?