1. Objective  Test for the presence of carbs  Describe the structure and function of lipids Warm-Up 1. What do we call a carbohydrate monomer? Give an example. 2. What do we call a carbohydrate polymer? Give an example.

2. Objectives  Describe the structure and function of lipids and proteins.  Test for the presence of lipids and proteins Warm-Up  Draw a carbohydrate polymer.  Finish carbs lab analysis questions.

3. Biochemistry Unit

4.  Describe the structure and function of lipids and test for lipids.

5. 1. Monomer 2. Polymer

6. 1. Monomer 2. Polymer

7.  What are they?  What are they made of?

8.  STORED energy (fat)  Cell membrane (each cell has a layer of fat )

9.  Lipids are made of LONG strings of carbon and hydrogen atoms connected together

10.  Monomers: glycerol and fatty acids

11.  Polymer: a glycerol with three fatty acids attached

12. 1. Monomer 2. Polymer

13.  What do they do?

15.  Fluid Mosaic Model

16.  Test #1 Tests for Lipids (Brown Paper Test)  1. Place a drop of water on a piece of brown paper. In a separate spot on your brown paper, place a drop of oil. Allow the paper to dry for a few minutes. You may need to use a paper towel to dab off excess.  2. Hold the piece of paper up to the light. If a semitransparent spot is evident, the sample contains lipids. Record the appearance of the two spots in Table 1.  3. Next, take one potato chip. Rub the chip lightly on the brown paper. Hold the paper to light. If a semitransparent spot is evident, the sample contains lipids. Record the appearance of the two spots in Table 1.  4. Finally, take a saltine cracker. Rub the cracker lightly on the brown paper. Hold the paper to light. If a semitransparent spot is evident, the sample contains lipids. Record the appearance of the two spots in Table 1.

17.  Tests for Lipids (Solubility Test) 1. Make sure the test tubes are completely dry before you begin. Label two test tubes 1 and 2. 2. Using separate droppers, add 20 drops of 95% ethanol to tube 1 and 20 drops of water to tube 2. 3. Add 5 drops of oil to test tubes 1 and 2 and stopper each tube or cover with your thumb. 4. Shake each tube well and let it settle, and record in Table 4 whether the oil is soluble in either solvent.  Lipids are soluble only in nonpolar solvents because lipids themselves are nonpolar.  If the mixture looks a little cloudy and does not separate after a minute, then it is soluble. 5. Dispose of the contents of the test tubes according to your teachers directions. Gently use a test-tube brush and soapy water to clean the two test tubes and rinse with clean water.

18. Biochemistry Unit

19.  Describe the structure and function of proteins and test for proteins.  Identify the structure and function of proteins.

21.  It makes up WHO you ARE!!

22. 1. Carbon - C 2. Hydrogen - H 3. Oxygen - O 4. Nitrogen - N

23.  How do consumers get nitrogen?

24.  What do they do?

25.  Proteins are macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

26.  Used to form bones and muscles.  Used to transport substances into or out of our cells  Used to help fight disease  Make up your genes; such as the color of your hair or eyes

27.  Monomer: an amino acid

28.  Polymer: a long chain of amino acids- polypeptide bond

29. 1. Monomer 2. Polymer

30.  What are they made of?  Amino Acids  What holds them together?  Peptide bonds

31. AMINO ACIDS Held together by PEPTIDE BONDS

32.  What determines the job of a protein?

33.  Proteins called enzymes are used to control the rate of reactions and control cell processes, like digestion.

34.  In living systems proteins that act as catalysts to control chemical reaction are called ENZYMES. See animation of amylase: http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/digest/enzymeshtm

35.  Enzymes fit like a lock and key to only one kind of substrate  Enzymes are unchanged by the reaction and remain reusable

36.  Test #2 Tests for Proteins  1. Label four test tubes 1, 2, 3, and 4.  2. Using separate droppers, add 30 drops of 2% gelatin solution to test tube 1, 30 drops of glucose solution to test tube 2, 30 drops of starch to test tube 3, and 30 drops of water to test tube 4. Record the color of each tube’s contents in Table 2.  3. Add 10 drops of biruet reagent to each test tube. CAUTION: Biuret reagent is extremely caustic to the skin and clothing. If biuret reagent spills, rinse with water and call your teacher immediately. *When biuret reagent is mixed with a protein, it will produce a lavender to violet color. * Change in color= a positive test for protein.  4. Record in Table 5 the color of each tube’s contents after adding biruet’s.  5. Discard the contents of the test tubes according to your teacher’s directions. Gently use a test-tube brush and soapy water to clean the test tubes and rinse with clean water.  6. Fill in the last column of all five tables with the correct interpretation of the test results.