1. The World Between the Wars: Revolutions, Depression, and Authoritarian Response

2. The World Between the Wars I. The Roaring Twenties II. Revolution: The First Waves III. The Global Great Depression IV. The Authoritarian Response

3. The World Between the Wars

4. The Roaring Twenties Bouncing Back?  Enormous challenges Optimism, creativity  Cubism Lost Generation Women  Lose place in workforce  Gain voting rights Economic Consumerism Liberal Banking Policies

5. Other Industrial Centers Canada, Australia, New Zealand  Independence  British Commonwealth of Nations United States  Isolationism  "Red scare" Japan  Strong economy

6. From Dominions to Nationhood: Formation of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

7. New Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fascism Rise, late 1800s Benito Mussolini  Government, 1922  Suspends elections, 1926 “ Fascism is a religion. The twentieth century will be known in history as the century of Fascism.” B.M. The keystone of the Fascist doctrine is its conception of the State, of its essence, its functions, and its aims. For Fascism the State is absolute, individuals and groups relative. B.M The keystone of the Fascist doctrine is its conception of the State, of its essence, its functions, and its aims. For Fascism the State is absolute, individuals and groups relative. Socialism is a fraud, a comedy, a phantom, a blackmail. Socialism is a fraud, a comedy, a phantom, a blackmail. Democracy is beautiful in theory; in practice it is a fallacy. Democracy is beautiful in theory; in practice it is a fallacy.

8. Eastern Europe and The Soviet Union, 1919-1939 The New Nations of East Central Europe Authoritarian governments dominate

9. A Balance Sheet Representative governments  e.g. Germany, Canada, Japan Social change, economic prosperity Democracy challenged  Italy, central Europe, eventually Germany American, Japanese powerful in spheres Russia=U.S.S.R. China: occupation & Civil War (communism prevails)

10. Revolution: The First Waves Mexico's Upheaval  Porfirio Díaz  Ruler since 1876  Economy  Foreign control  Francisco Madero  1910, arrested  Díaz wins election  Moderating force

11. Revolution: The First Waves Mexico's Upheaval  Rebellion  Madero, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata  Díaz removed  1913, Madero assassinated  Victoriano Huerta  Returns to Díaz’s style of rule  Forced from power, 1914

12. Mexico's Upheaval General Alvaro Obregón Civil war over by 1920 (assassinated.,1928)  Obregón first elected president 1917, new constitution TEXT © Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940)  Land redistributed  Ejidos  Education expanded  Nationalization of Oil Industry (D)  Socialist principles

13. Culture and Politics in Postrevolutionary Mexico Indian culture influential  Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco Cristeros  Conservative peasant movement PRI (political party)  Origins in 1920s

14. Revolution in Russia: Liberalism to Communism Revolution breaks out, 1917 (Jan/Feb)  Alexander Kerensky  Provisional government November, 1917  Bolsheviks (Communist Party)  Lenin  Closes parliament  Congress of Soviets  APRIL THESES by LENIN

15. 1) IN OUR ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE WAR, WHICH UNDER THE NEW [PROVISIONAL] GOVERNMENT OF LVOV AND CO. UNQUESTIONABLY REMAINS ON RUSSIA’S PART A PREDATORY IMPERIALIST WAR OWING TO THE CAPITALIST NATURE OF THAT GOVERNMENT, NOT THE SLIGHTEST CONCESSION TO “REVOLUTIONARY DEFENCISM” IS PERMISSIBLE.WARLVOV 2) THE SPECIFIC FEATURE OF THE PRESENT SITUATION IN RUSSIA IS THAT THE COUNTRY IS PASSING FROM THE FIRST STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION—WHICH, OWING TO THE INSUFFICIENT CLASS-CONSCIOUSNESS AND ORGANISATION OF THE PROLETARIAT, PLACED POWER IN THE HANDS OF THE BOURGEOISIE—TO ITS SECOND STAGE, WHICH MUST PLACE POWER IN THE HANDS OF THE PROLETARIAT AND THE POOREST SECTIONS OF THE PEASANTS. Revolution in Russia: Liberalism to Communism April Theses

16. Revolution in Russia: Liberalism to Communism 1918-1921  Reaction against communism  Russian Civil War  1918-1922

17. Stabilization of Russia’s Communist Regime Leon Trotsky  Red Army (to Mexico re Stalin) Lenin's New Economic Policy, 1921 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1923

18. Soviet Experimentation Gains for workers, women Lenin  Death, 1924  Succeeded by Stalin Five-year plans  Factories/Industry  Collectivization of Farms, Stalin (B)  15 mill. dead

19. Toward Revolution in China Last Qing emperor abdicates, 1912 Yuan Shikai/power of sword  Heads coalition Japan invades

20. China's May Fourth Movement and the Rise of the Marxist Alternative Sun Yat-sen  Revolutionary Alliance  Elected president, 1911  Parliament  Resigns, 1912  Yuan (war-lord) becomes president  Read Sun Yat-sen Earlier?

21. China's May Fourth Movement and the Rise of the Marxist Alternative Japan  Twenty-one demands to Yuan  Yuan refuses  Control confirmed by Versailles May 4, 1919  Mass demonstrations  Call for Western political reform

22. China's May Fourth Movement and the Rise of the Marxist Alternative Li Dazhou  Marxism adopted to Chinese situation  Influences Mao Zedong Communist Party of China, 1921

23. The Seizure of Power by China's Guomindang Guomindang (Nationalist Party of China)  Sun Yat-sen  Allies with Communists  Supported by Soviet Union  Whampoa Military Academy, 1924  Chiang Kai-shek, first leader

24. Mao and the Peasant Option Chiang Kai-shek  Succeeds as head of Guomindang, 1925  Begins civil war, to 1949 Mao Zedong  Long March to Shanxi, 1934

25. China in the Era of Revolution and Civil War

26. The Global Great Depression Causation  Recession, 1920-1921 The Debacle  October, 1929  New York Stock Market crash Depression deepens, 1929- 1933

27. The Global Great Depression Soviet Union  Immune West  Welfare programs  NEW DEAL  Slaves of Depression

28. Responses to the Depression in Western Europe Governments have little impact  Radicalism attractive Popular Front, 1936  Liberals, Socialists, Communists O(France) The New Deal  Franklin Roosevelt Depression in Europe

29. The Authoritarian Response The Rise of Nazism  Fascism, 1920s  SSource

30. Adolf Hitler National Socialist party  1932 elections Anti-semitic 1933, takes power Totalitarian

31. Rhineland  Occupied, 1936  No response Anschlutz, 1938 Sudetan Land, 1938- 1939 Invasion of Poland, 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact

32. The Spread of Fascism and the Spanish Civil War Mussolini  Ethiopia, 1935 Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939  Germany, Italy support right  Russia, Western volunteers support left Japan invades China, 1937 Axis, 1940  Germany, Italy, Japan

33. Spanish Civil War Picasso's painting is without question the most important anti-war work of art produced in the Twentieth Century. It is a testament to the horrors of Fascism.

34. Economic and Political Changes in Latin America Economic expansion Reaction to liberalism

35. The Great Crash and Latin American Responses Conservatives  Corporatism Fascism Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940)  Reform Cuba  Revolution, 1933

36. The Vargas Regime in Brazil 1929 Election  Civil war  Gétulio Vargas, president Vargas  Reform  New constitution, 1937  Influenced by Mussolini  Suicide, 1954

37. Argentina: Populism, Perón, and the Military Economic collapse, 1929  Nationalists  Take control, 1943 Juan d. Perón  Wife, Eva Duarte  Coalition government  Driven from power, 1955  Maintains influence

38. The Militarization of Japan Nationalists Revolts, 1932, 1936  Military gains power Tojo Hideki  Influence over prime ministers War with China, 1937  Military ascendant

39. The Japanese Invasion of China, 1937

40. The Expansion of Japan to the Outbreak of World War II

41. Global Connections: Economic Depression, Authoritarian Response, and Democratic Retreat Consequences of the Great Depression  Surge of nationalism  Ties between nations weakened  Tariffs cause animosity  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wa rs_and_anthropogenic_disasters_by_de ath_toll http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wa rs_and_anthropogenic_disasters_by_de ath_toll