1. PreAp Biology Study of Life Themes & Concepts

2. PreAp Biology Age of Earth  About 4.5 bya  Life about 4 bya (Prokaryotes)  Photosynthesis about 2.7 bya  Organelles about 1.5 bya (Eukaryotes)  About 1bya multicellular organisms

3. PreAp Biology What is a living thing?  First we have to define LIFE…  organized as cells  respond to stimuli  regulate internal processes  homeostasis  use energy to grow  metabolism  develop  change & mature within lifetime  reproduce  heredity  DNA / RNA  adaptation & evolution

4. PreAp Biology Properties of life orderreproduction growth & development response homeostasis evolutionary adaptation energy utilization

5. PreAp Biology Themes  Science as a process of inquiry  Evolution  Energy transfer  Continuity & Change  Relationship of structure to function  Regulation  Interdependence in nature  Science, technology & society

6. PreAp Biology Science as a process of inquiry

7. PreAp Biology Science as a process of inquiry  repeatable observations & testable hypothesis

8. PreAp Biology Observations include making measurements  Scientists use a variety of tools to gather and analyze data.  Field journals are used to record data.  Laboratory glassware and hot plates allow scientists to set up experiments.  Microscopes and hand lenses enhance the senses.  Rulers, balances, timing devices, and electronic probeware are used to gather quantitative data.  Computers are used to to calculate, analyze, and report data.

9. PreAp Biology Observations include making measurements  Quantitative data are gathered through measurement, using the modern metric system.  Accuracy is a description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured.  Precision is the exactness of a measurement.

10. PreAp Biology Technology contributes to the progress of science.  A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object. sto ma –light microscopes (LM) – scanning electron microscopes (SEM) – transmission electron microscopes (TEM) stoma

11. PreAp Biology  functional MRI (fMRI) –magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Medical Imaging –x-ray images

12. PreAp Biology Complex systems: Computer Models  Used to study systems that cannot be studied directly.  heart attacks  effect of medicines on the human body  movement of water molecules into and out of a cell  spread of a disease through a population  Used when experiments are not safe, ethical, or practical. Normal heartbeat Heart attack

13. PreAp Biology The tools of molecular genetics give rise to new biological studies.  A gene is a segment of DNA that stores genetic information.

14. PreAp Biology  We can study genetics on a molecular level. –molecular genetics –genomics

15. PreAp Biology Evolution  Core theme of biology Charles Darwin

16. PreAp Biology Natural selection  Evolutionary adaptation is a product of natural selection

17. PreAp Biology Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. — Theodosius Dobzhansky

18. PreAp Biology Evolution  Natural selection  Evolutionary adaptation is a product of natural selection

19. PreAp Biology Energy transfer  Life is an open system  organisms continuously interact with the environment  stuff comes in stuff goes out  energy is used Entropy rules!

20. PreAp Biology Energy utilization (fill in blanks)

21. PreAp Biology Heredity: Continuity & change  Continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA  DNA – the genetic material – carries biological information from 1 generation to the next

22. PreAp Biology Form follows function  Structure & function are correlated at all levels of biological organization

23. PreAp Biology Regulation  Regulatory mechanisms ensure a dynamic balance through feedback

24. PreAp Biology Ecology: Interdependence  No organism is an island standing alone

25. PreAp Biology Science, technology & society  Science & technology must function within the framework of society  ethics

26. PreAp Biology Umbrella concepts Recurring principles & ideas

27. PreAp Biology Diversity & unity  Dual aspects of life on Earth  With all of the diversity, what unifies all of life?

28. PreAp Biology

29. Unity of life What do organisms have in common? Why do similarities exist?

30. PreAp Biology Evolution explains diversity & unity  Unity  pass information to the next generation  evolutionary relationships  connected through a common ancestory  Diversity  natural selection  adaptations in different environments

31. PreAp Biology Levels of organization

32. PreAp Biology Each level has emergent properties

33. PreAp Biology Cell is basic unit of life  Cell theory  developed with early microscopes  prokaryotes  eukaryotes

34. PreAp Biology Diversity of life What differences are there between organisms?

35. PreAp Biology Three Domains of Life Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

36. PreAp Biology Organizing systems  Making sense out of the diversity  Hierarchical scheme  Eg. Taxonomy and Binomial Nomenclature

37. PreAp Biology Why study themes of Biology?  Biology is an ever expanding body of knowledge  too much to memorize it all  need to generalize  create a framework upon which to organize new knowledge  themes are fundamental in understanding the nature of living organisms

38. PreAp Biology Which science is growing the fastest in new knowledge? BIOLOGY!! Dr. Mary Claire King Genomics & proteomics projects are driving research

39. PreAp Biology Any Questions??