1. Progressive Era 1900-1917

2. Problems of the 1890s   Huge gap between the rich and the poor   Wealthy had tremendous economic power   Industrial workers lived in squalor and worked in dangerous conditions

3. Reasons for Reform   Inequities in the American economic system: not all Americans shared the fruits of the industrial wealth   Unfair labor practices   Big business was in cahoots with government to gain benefits   Citizens desired positive reform   Investigative journalists dug up facts

4. Levels of Progressive reform   Reform shifted from the farm to the city   Reform climbed the ladder from the local government, to state government and finally to the national government

5. McKinley Assassinated, September 1901

6. Emma Goldman   Leading anarchist Emma Goldman was denounced for not condemning killer   Anarchism in the USA generally lost favor after McKinley’s assassination

7. President Theodore Roosevelt

8. The “Teddy” bear

9. The “Bully Pulpit” means ______

12. TR campaigning

13. TR: first president to ride in a car! (1902)

14. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

19. Woodrow Wilson

20. Inauguration, 1913

22. Suffrage movement means _

24. Federal Employee growth

25. Progressive Reformers

26. 1. Jacob Riis: Poverty Issues

27. Tenement Housing

31. How the Other Half Lives   Described the plight of the poor   Used photos to graphically detail the poverty of newly arrived immigrants and the working poor

32. Uncovered checks detailing bribery 2. Lincoln Steffens

33. Immigrants treated unfairly

34. 3. Tarbell Investigated Standard Oil   Uncovered secret deals made between Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, and Vanderbilt to put the competition out of business

35. 4. Frank Norris’ The Octopus   Used the novel format to describe the conflict between California wheat growers and railroads   Railroads charged unfair prices

36. 5. Charles Edward Russell   Investigated Georgia chain gangs   Uncovered the bribery, blackmail, and cruelty of the chain gang system

37. 6. Edward Bok

38. Studied patent medicines

39. Tonics filled with drugs   No regulation of the patent drug industry   Those who dispensed drugs did not know their effects

40. Cocaine & alcohol in tonics

41. Morphine in baby medicine

42. 7. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

43. Hogs with cholera slaughtered

44. TR learned from Sinclair

45. TR’s Trust Busting

46. 8. David Graham Phillips   Studied the corruption in the U.S. Senate   Discovered bribery between big business and government

48. 17th Amendment Created direct election of U.S. Senators

49. Lewis Hines Child Labor Photographs, 1908-1912

50. Doffer Boys

51. Spinning “mill” girls

52. Mill girl = 48¢ per day

53. News boy in Philadelphia

54. Mine boy in Pittston, PA

55. Breaker Boys

56. Cigar Maker Boys

57. Seafood “cutting” Boys

58. Oyster Boy, age 9

59. Fruit pickers

60. Lumber Boys, Vermont

61. Youth Gamblers